Life safety. Emission purification devices and systems (most important)

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Life safety. Emission purification devices and systems (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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44. DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR CLEANING EMISSIONS

Cleaning devices ventilation and technological emissions into the atmosphere are divided into:

▪ dust collectors (dry, electric, filters, wet);

▪ mist eliminators (low-speed and high-speed);

▪ devices for collecting vapors and gases (absorption, chemisorption, adsorption and neutralizers);

▪ multi-stage cleaning devices (dust and gas collectors, mists and solid impurities collectors, multi-stage dust collectors).

Their work is characterized by cleaning efficiency, hydraulic resistance and power consumption.

В dry dust collectors the gas flow performs a rotational-translational motion, and under the action of centrifugal force, dust particles form a dust layer on the cyclone wall.

Electric cleaning it cleans gases from suspended particles of dust and fog and is based on the impact ionization of gas in the zone of the corona discharge, the transfer of the charge of ions to impurity particles and the deposition of the latter on the collecting corona electrodes (the electrical resistance of dust layers is taken into account).

For fine gas cleaning filters are used from particles and dropping liquid. The process consists in retaining particles of impurities on porous partitions when dispersed media move through them, and the classification of filters is based on the type of filter partition, the design of the filter and its purpose, and the degree of purification.

Apparatus wet cleaning highly effective for cleaning from fine dust, cleaning from dust of heated and explosive gases. Their disadvantages include the formation of sludge during the cleaning process, which requires additional systems for processing, the removal of moisture into the atmosphere and the formation of dew, etc. These include Venturi scrubbers, bubble-foam dust collectors.

For air purification from mists of acids, alkalis, oils and other, fibrous filters are used - mist eliminators, based on the deposition of drops on the surface of the pores, followed by the liquid flowing along the fibers to the lower part of the mist eliminator.

absorption method (from gases and vapors) is based on the absorption of the latter by liquid using absorbers. In chemisorbers, gases and vapors are absorbed by liquid and solid absorbers with the formation of poorly soluble or low-volatile chemical compounds.

Thermal neutralization is based on the ability of combustible gases and vapors that are part of ventilation or process emissions to burn to form less toxic substances.

For highly efficient purification of emissions, multi-stage purification devices are used.

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