Life safety. Classification of risk factors (most important)

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Life safety. Classification of risk factors (most important)

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30. CLASSIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS

According to the degree and nature of the effect on the body, all factors are conditionally divided into harmful (factors that, under certain conditions, become the cause of diseases or a decrease in working capacity; this refers to a decrease in working capacity that disappears after rest or a break in vigorous activity) and dangerous (factors that, under certain conditions, lead to traumatic injuries or sudden and severe health problems).

These factors can be natural (or natural) and anthropogenic in nature, i.e., created by man (physical, chemical, biological), and psychophysiological.

Physical factors:

1) natural (all climatic indicators) - air temperature, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation;

2) anthropogenic - dust content in the air of the working area; vibrations (general and local); acoustic vibrations (infrasound, noise, ultrasound; static electricity); electromagnetic fields and radiation; infrared radiation, laser radiation; ultraviolet radiation, laser radiation; electricity; moving machines, mechanisms, materials, products, parts of collapsing structures and other things, height, falling objects, sharp fragments; increased or decreased temperature of surfaces of equipment and materials; weapons of mass destruction.

Chemical factors:

1) natural - chemicals that enter the human body with air, water, food.

These include amino acids, vitamins, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, trace elements;

2) anthropogenic - gas contamination of the working area; dustiness of the working area; the ingress of poisons on the skin and mucous membranes; the ingress of poisons into the gastrointestinal tract from various enterprises and transport or after being hit by chemical weapons.

Biological factors:

1) natural - microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi);

2) anthropogenic - biological plant protection products, emissions from food industry enterprises, farms, enterprises for the production of proteins, sera, vaccines, cutting fluids, biological weapons.

Psychophysical factors: according to the nature of their action on the human body, they are divided into physical overloads (they include static and dynamic overloads) and neuropsychological overloads (mental overstrain, overstrain of analyzers, monotony of work and emotional overloads).

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