Life safety. Environmental factors of technological processes (most important)

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Life safety. Environmental factors of technological processes (most important)

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41. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Pollution of the natural environment occurs not only from outer space or due to volcanic eruptions, but also as a result of economic activities related to industrial enterprises, agriculture and transport.

Anthropogenic pollution is divided into: dust, gas, chemical (including soil pollution with chemicals), aromatic and thermal (changes in the temperature of water, air, soil).

Among the substances polluting the atmosphere, 90% are gases and 10% are solid particles. The main sources of air pollution are vehicles (50%) and emissions from industrial enterprises.

Sulfur oxides - the main pollutant, the source of which is thermal stations, boiler houses, heavy and metallurgical industries. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, when interacting with water vapor (clouds), generate acid rain, which destroys crops, vegetation, fish stocks, and destroys buildings and structures.

A significant negative impact on the state of the atmosphere is exerted by carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases obtained from the combustion of hydrocarbons (coal, oil, peat, etc.). This change in atmosphere leads to greenhouse effect, which is expressed by rising temperatures, changes in weather and climate. A consequence of the greenhouse effect is an increase in desertification of lands due to intense evaporation of moisture contained in the soil.

Ozone-depleting substances are freon, chlorine, carbon.

The main objects of pollution are reservoirs, rivers, lakes, oceans. Billions of tons of liquid and solid waste are dumped into the oceans every year. An oil spill leads to the death of the living resources of the sea, including algae, plankton, which produce oxygen. Chemicals used in agriculture, construction and everyday life, the toxicity of which has not yet been fully studied, have become a massive source of environmental pollution.

These and other consequences of environmental pollution have a negative impact on a person’s physical health, his nervous and mental state, on the health of future generations. Some average data: 20% of the population suffers from allergies all the time; 35% of the population of industrial cities - various diseases as a result of exposure to a polluted environment; every day 25 people die on the planet due to poor quality water; the percentage of births of defective children increased to 000%; the growth of cancer diseases has increased, etc.

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