Life safety. Axiom about potential danger (most important)

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Life safety. Axiom about potential danger (most important)

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26. AXIOM OF POTENTIAL DANGER

One of the main concepts of life safety is axiom about potential danger. The effect of this axiom extends to the “man - environment” system. Habitat should be understood as the environment of both natural and anthropogenic origin. The axiom predetermines that all human actions and all components of the living environment (primarily technical means and technologies), in addition to positive properties and results, have the ability to generate traumatic and harmful factors. Moreover, any new positive action or result is inevitably accompanied by the emergence of new negative factors.

Potential hazard lies in the hidden, implicit nature of the manifestation of dangers. For example, we do not feel until a certain point an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. Normally, atmospheric air should contain no more than 0,05% carbon dioxide. Constantly in a closed or poorly ventilated room in which there is a sufficiently large number of people (for example, in a design office), the concentration of carbon dioxide increases. It has no color, no smell, and an increase in its concentration will manifest itself as fatigue, lethargy, and a decrease in efficiency. But in general, the body of a person who systematically stays in such conditions will react with complex physiological processes: a change in the frequency, depth and rhythm of breathing (shortness of breath), an increase in heart rate, a change in blood pressure. Such a state is called hypoxia, or oxygen starvation, and may lead to a decrease in attention, which in certain areas of activity can lead to injuries, etc.

Potential danger as a phenomenon is the possibility of human exposure to adverse or life-incompatible factors.

The axiom of potential danger provides quantitative assessment of negative impact, which is assessed by the risk of causing some kind of damage to health and life. Risk is defined as the ratio of certain undesirable consequences per unit of time to the possible number of events.

The concept is recognized in world practice acceptable risk, i.e. the risk at which protective measures allow maintaining the achieved level of safety. The degree of risk is assessed in world practice for various types of activities by the probability of deaths.

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