Life safety. Damaging factors of sources of natural emergencies (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Life safety. Damaging factors of sources of natural emergencies (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

49. AFFECTING FACTORS OF SOURCES OF NATURAL EMERGENCIES

To geological natural phenomena include the following: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, mudflows, snow avalanches, landslides, precipitation of the earth's surface, which occur as a result of karst phenomena.

Earthquakes - these are tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface, resulting from sudden displacements and ruptures in the earth or upper part of the mantle and transmitted over long distances in the form of elastic vibrations.

Volcanic activity arises as a result of constant active processes occurring in the depths of the Earth, and threatens the inhabitants of the Earth who live in close proximity to areas of volcanic activity.

Landslide - sliding displacements down the slope under the action of gravity of the soil masses that form the slopes of hills, mountains, river, lake and sea terraces. They are caused by watering the soil, changing the type of plantations, destruction of vegetation, weathering and shaking.

Seli - short-term rapid floods on mountain rivers, having the character of mud-stone flows; occur in connection with earthquakes, heavy snowfalls, downpours, intense snowmelt.

Avalanche - a snowfall, a mass of snow falling or sliding from the mountain slopes under the influence of some kind of influence and entraining new masses of snow on its way.

Meteorological springs are caused by wind, storm, hurricane, tornado, heavy rain, large hail, heavy snow, heavy snowstorms, dust storms, frost, severe frost or extreme heat.

Hydrological sources are called:

1) high water level is floods, in which flooding of low-lying parts of cities and towns, agricultural crops, damage to industrial and transport facilities occurs;

2) low water level, when navigation, water supply of cities and national economic facilities, irrigation systems are disrupted;

3) mudflows and snow avalanches;

4) early freezing and the appearance of ice on navigable water bodies.

Concept "natural fires" combines forest fires, fires of steppe and grain massifs, peat and underground fires of fossil fuels and is characterized by uncontrolled combustion and spontaneous spread over the surface.

К biological sources of emergency include epidemics, epizootics and epiphytoties.

Epidemic - the widespread spread of an infectious disease among people, significantly exceeding the incidence rate usually recorded in a given territory.

epizootics - infectious diseases of animals that have common features (presence of a specific pathogen, cyclical development, the ability to be transmitted from an infected animal to a healthy one and take on epizootic spread).

Space hazards: asteroids; exposure to solar radiation.

<< Back: Emergencies, their types

>> Forward: Radiation hazardous objects

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ History of the economy. Crib

▪ Social statistics. Lecture notes

▪ Foreign literature of the XVII-XVIII centuries in brief. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Reconstructed appearance of Nicolaus Copernicus 04.06.2006

In November 2005, Polish archaeologists excavated the Cathedral of Frombork, where the great astronomer, Canon Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) served.

The exact place of his burial was not known, but archaeologists used the indications of historians that it used to be customary to bury a priest under the altar at which he served. However, only during the life of Copernicus did five more canons use the same altar with him.

In total, 13 burials were found under the altar, but to establish with high certainty which of the skulls belongs to the astronomer was helped by the fact that four or five centuries ago, few, like Copernicus, lived to be 70 years old. The rest of the bones belonged to much younger people.

Using the method of the Soviet scientist M. Gerasimov, Polish criminologists and anthropologists restored the portrait of Copernicus from the skull and found a high resemblance to lifetime images, including a self-portrait.

Other interesting news:

▪ Sony mirrorless camera and NEX-5T

▪ Invulnerable electronics

▪ A good example is also contagious

▪ Unlock Knock smartphones LG

▪ Computer without wires and batteries

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Spectacular tricks and their clues. Article selection

▪ article Pedagogical psychology. Crib

▪ Article How can I put out the fire? Detailed answer

▪ bayonet article. Tourist tips

▪ article Security and signaling through mobile communications. Directory

▪ article Power amplifier with zero quiescent current output stage. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews