State policy of environmental protection. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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State policy of environmental protection. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Currently for habitat protection in each country, environmental legislation is being developed, in which there is a section of international law and legal protection of nature within the state, containing the legal foundations for the conservation of natural resources and the environment for the existence of life. The United Nations (UN) in the Declaration of the Conference on Environment and Development (1992) legally fixed two basic principles of the legal approach to nature conservation:

1) States should introduce effective legislation in the field of environmental protection. The norms related to environmental protection, the tasks and priorities put forward should reflect the real situation in the areas of environmental protection and development, in which they will be implemented;

2) the state should develop national legislation regarding liability for environmental pollution and other environmental damage and compensation for those who suffer from this.

In various historical periods of the development of our country, the system of environmental management, control and supervision has always depended on the form of organization of environmental protection. When issues of environmental protection were solved through the rational use of natural resources, management and control were carried out by many organizations. In the 1970s-1980s. in the USSR, 18 different ministries and departments dealt with the management and protection of the natural environment. There was no common coordinating body that would unite environmental activities. Such a system of management and control gave rise to a criminal attitude towards nature, primarily on the part of the ministries and departments themselves, as well as large enterprises subordinate to them, which were the main polluters and destroyers of the natural environment.

Since 1991, the Russian Committee for Nature Protection has been abolished, and instead the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources has been organized. It included the environmental services of Hydromet, forestry, water resources, protection and use of subsoil, and fisheries transformed into committees. On the basis of six reorganized ministries and departments, a natural resource block was created, uniting the entire environmental protection service in a single center. This block turned out to be unmanageable, and the year-long practice of its functioning showed that it was not capable of solving the assigned tasks.

The solution of environmental problems at the present stage should be implemented both in the activities of special state bodies and the whole society. The purpose of such activities is the rational use of natural resources, the elimination of environmental pollution, environmental education and education of the entire public of the country. The legal protection of the natural environment consists in the creation, justification and application of normative acts that define both the objects of protection and measures to ensure it. These measures form an environmental law that implements the relationship between nature and society.

On the base principles for ensuring the safety of human interaction with the environment environmental protection is carried out in several ways: legal, natural science, economic, sanitary and hygienic, organizational and managerial, cultural and educational.

The legal way is:

1) definition of subjects of environmental protection;

2) establishment of prohibitive, permissive, binding, compensatory, empowering and other norms regulating environmental relations; determination of measures and means of exercising state control;

3) establishment of measures of legal liability for environmental offenses and compensation for damage caused.

The ecological function of the state requires its consideration in the system of all functions performed by the state as a political organization of society. The main purpose of the ecological function is to ensure a scientifically based correlation of the ecological and economic interests of society, the creation of the necessary guarantees for the implementation and protection of human rights to a clean, healthy and favorable natural environment for human life.

The Decree "On the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development" indicates the following directions for the implementation of the state environmental strategy of the Russian Federation:

1) ensuring environmental safety;

2) protection of the environment;

3) improvement or restoration of disturbed ecosystems in ecologically unfavorable areas;

4) participation in solving international and global environmental problems.

The purpose of environmental legislation is to provide the natural environment in the conditions of the economic development of society with means of legal regulation, which is achieved through the development, adoption and application of legal norms that reflect the requirements of environmental laws in the interaction of society and nature, fixing scientifically based standards of economic impact on the natural habitat .

Author: Muradova E.O.

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