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New exotic state of matter discovered

24.12.2017

How many forms of matter exist? Most will answer - solid, liquid and gaseous. Some will also remember plasma. However, as it turned out, that's not all. Of course, there is exotic "dark matter" that has not yet been found, there is quark-gluon plasma, degenerate gas, glasma, and so on, but these are too specific things that are of interest only to scientists.

However, another state has been discovered at the University of Heidelberg that could theoretically enable the creation of superconductors. Gas from ultracold atoms was enclosed in two-dimensional traps created by focused laser beams. The scientists then measured the atoms per radio wave pulse using radio frequency spectroscopy. He allowed them to understand whether these particles were paired and how. This made it possible to discover an exotic state of matter in which constituent particles pair up when they are limited to two dimensions.

It is interesting that the pairing of fermions occurs at temperatures several times higher than the critical one, although it should occur only at the superconductivity temperature. So far, of course, it is too early to talk about a superconductor at room temperature, but it is possible that this is where the clue lies.

In addition, the study showed that materials that become superconductive at relatively high temperatures have a layered structure. This means that electrons can only move in two dimensions.

Note that scientists themselves still cannot find a connection between mating and temperature increase.

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Created an artificial pancreas 25.02.2020

Canadian scientists at McGill University in Montreal have created a new artificial pancreas system that will provide vital support for people living with type 1 diabetes.

Insulin pumps have been around for over 30 years. Using these portable devices, people living with diabetes manually select the dose of insulin they need, which is then pumped into the bloodstream. Despite the fact that most patients already use automatic glucose monitors to monitor their blood glucose levels, and do not prick their fingers every time, as they used to, few people manage to maintain glucose targets for a long time. Some people are in a state of hyperglycemia most of the time, accompanied by headaches and weakness, while others regularly experience hypoglycemia, which causes dizziness, confusion and impaired speech.

Scientists at McGill University have developed a "smart" insulin pump, an artificial pancreas with the ability to eliminate high and low glucose levels that reduce quality of life and can cause long-term health complications.

Study leader Dr. Ahmad Haidar began his work when the first commercially available automated glucose sensors were first available. Dr. Haidar has developed an algorithm that, based on the readings from the sensor, tells the insulin pump how much insulin to inject.

"It was a wonderful coincidence," the scientist said in a press release, "because the automatic sensor made it possible to create an artificial pancreas system."

Today, McGill University's Artificial Pancreas Laboratory has 12 full-time researchers and 45 external employees working on the creation of an artificial organ. This is the only scientific team in Canada involved in such developments.

Many of the results obtained in the laboratory are unique. In particular, scientists conducted an experiment on the delivery of the second hormone - pramlintide. The researchers expect that the combined action of pramlintide and insulin will be more effective than insulin alone.

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