Space emergencies. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Space emergencies. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Kosmos - one of the elements that affect earthly life. We list some of the dangers that threaten man from outer space.

Asteroids - These are small space objects, the diameter of which ranges from 1-1000 km.

The meeting of our planet with celestial bodies is a serious threat to the entire biosphere. Calculations show that the impact of an asteroid with a diameter of about 1 km is accompanied by the release of energy ten times greater than the entire nuclear potential available on Earth. The energy of one impact is estimated at 10 erg.

The main means of combating near-Earth asteroids and comets is nuclear-rocket technology.

It is supposed to develop a system of planetary defense against asteroids and comets, which is based on two principles of protection, namely, changing the trajectory of the OKO and destroying it into several parts. Solar radiation is a powerful health-improving and preventive factor, the distribution of solar radiation at different latitudes is an important indicator that characterizes different climatic and geographical zones, which is taken into account in hygienic practice when solving a number of issues related to urban planning, etc. The totality of biochemical and physiological reactions, occurring with the participation of light energy, is called photobiological processes. Photobiological processes according to their functional role can be conditionally divided into three groups.

The first group of provides the synthesis of biologically important compounds (for example, photosynthesis).

Ко second group include photobiological processes that serve to obtain information and allow one to navigate in the environment (vision, phototaxis, photoperiodism).

The third group - processes accompanied by harmful consequences for the body (for example, the destruction of proteins, vitamins, enzymes, the appearance of harmful mutations, an oncogenic effect).

The most biologically active is the ultraviolet part of the solar spectrum, which at the Earth's surface is represented by a stream of waves in the range from 290 to 400 nm.

The bactericidal effect of artificial UV radiation is used to disinfect drinking water.

However, the effect of UV radiation on the body and the environment is not limited to a beneficial effect. Excessive solar exposure leads to the development of severe erythema with swelling of the skin and deterioration of health. The most common eye damage when exposed to UV rays is hyperemia, conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, lacrimation and photophobia appear.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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Identification of the owner of a mobile phone by fingerprint 24.07.2000

In South Korea, Samsung Electronics and PASS21 have jointly developed a special mobile phone with an integrated microchip that stores the owner's fingerprints. The latter also performs the functions of a regular credit card used by hundreds of millions of people on the planet.

With the help of Samsung specialists, a special sensor is additionally installed in a phone from which you can call anywhere, which allows you to determine the owner by sweat microparticles emitted by the fingertips. To use the novelty, it is necessary to connect store cash registers that read data from VISA, MasterCard or American Express credit cards with special electronic prefixes ("black boxes") worth only $10. The buyer approaches the cash register, opens the phone, puts his finger on the small window.

The touch microchip automatically identifies the owner and issues an electronic signal to the "black box", after which the cash register withdraws money from his account and pays for the purchase. Among the advantages of the novelty is the absence of the need to remember passwords. If the PASS-biophone is lost, the possibility of its use by strangers is excluded, since the device is turned on only after the identification of the owner's fingerprint.

It is planned that in 2001 100 such phones will be produced in South Korea.

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