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Technical means of RHR and D. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

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When performing work on the special treatment of people, clothing, equipment, property, buildings and terrain, special attention must be paid to the preparation of the site for the performance of work, the isolation of contaminated waste and effluents.

Devices designed to detect and measure radioactive emissions are called dosimeters.

Dosimeters are classified into the following groups.

The first group of - radiometers-radiometers. They determine the levels of radiation in the area and the contamination of various objects and surfaces. This includes the dose rate meter DP-5V (A, B) (basic model).

This device is being replaced by IMD-5, which performs the same functions and in the same range. In appearance, control knobs and the order of operation, it practically does not differ from the DP-5V. It has its own design features. For example, power is supplied from two A-343 cells, which provide continuous operation for 100 hours.

For mobile vehicles, an onboard X-ray meter DP-3B was created. Instead, he receives dose rate meters IDM-21, IDM-22.

IDM-22 measures the absorbed dose not only by gamma radiation, but also by neutron. It is used both on mobile vehicles and on stationary objects.

The second group - dosimeters for determining individual radiation doses. This group includes dosimeters DP-70MP, a set of individual dose meters ID-11, a set of DP-24, DP-22V.

The third group - household dosimetric devices. They enable the population to navigate the radiation situation on the ground, to have an idea about the contamination of various objects, water and food. "Bella" - an indicator of external gamma radiation (RKSB-104 - beta-gamma radiometer "Master-1") - allows you to measure the exposure dose rate in the range from 10 to 999 μR / h.

"Coast" - an individual indicator of the radiation dose rate. Designed to assess the radiation background in the range from 10 to 120 μR/h and more.

SIM-05 fixes the levels of the equivalent dose of gamma radiation.

IRD-02B - dosimeter-radiometer. Designed to measure the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation, to assess the density of the flux of beta radiation from contaminated surfaces and contamination of water, soil, food, fodder samples with beta-gamma-emitting nuclides.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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