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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Lavender angustifolia (Lavender officinalis, real lavender, spiky lavender, spikelet lavender, spikelet lavender). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
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Lavender angustifolia (lavender officinalis, real lavender, spiky lavender, spike lavender, spike lavender), Lavandula officinalis. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Lavandula Family: Skullcaps (Lamiaceae) Origin: Mediterranean and South Asia Area: Lavender officinalis is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. Chemical composition: Essential oils (mainly linalol and lavandula oil), tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes, carotenoids, camphor. Economic value: Lavender officinalis is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, cooking, aromatherapy and as a repellant. Lavender has a calming and relaxing effect, helps with insomnia, nervous disorders, headaches, improves digestion and the immune system. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Egypt, lavender was used in embalming and was also associated with the goddess Mut. In ancient Greek mythology, lavender was associated with the goddess of love, Aphrodite, and was used for cosmetic purposes. In medieval Europe, lavender was used to scent baths and decorate rooms and clothing. It has also been used for medicinal purposes, including treating headaches, insomnia, and other ailments. In modern culture, lavender is associated with soothing, relaxation and aromatherapy. Its aroma is said to be good for the mind and soul, and lavender essential oil is used to create fragrance oils, cosmetics, soaps, and other products. In some cultures, lavender is associated with purity and holiness. For example, in the Christian tradition, lavender was used to dress the clergy, as well as to prepare oils for chrismation. In some traditions, lavender is considered a symbol of eternity and immortality, and is also associated with femininity and beauty.
Lavender angustifolia (lavender officinalis, real lavender, spiky lavender, spike lavender, spike lavender), Lavandula officinalis. Description, illustrations of the plant Lavender. Legends, myths, history
In ancient times, lavender was of great religious, cultural and commercial importance. The ancient Egyptians cultivated lavender in the sacred garden of Thebes. As an incense, lavender was an important item of international trade and accompanied noble people throughout their lives and even after their death - lavender was part of the ointments for embalming. The Catholic Church considered lavender a sacred plant and attributed to it such properties as scaring away the devil and witches, so the plant became an indispensable attribute of the ordination of priests. And ordinary superstitious people wore crosses from dried lavender inflorescences on themselves or strengthened them at the entrance to the dwelling. Hippocrates pointed out that lavender "warms the brain, tired of the years." Avicenna claimed that lavender is "a whip for the heart and a broom for the brain." In the XNUMXth century, the first perfume called "Hungarian Water" appeared, using rosemary and lavender. Magical properties were attributed to these spirits - to preserve the youth and beauty of the hostess forever. Lavender water was very popular in the era of Elizabeth and the Stuarts (XVI-XVII centuries), it was very loved by Queen Mary Henrietta, wife of Charles I. In England, lavender was grown for a long time in the vicinity of Mitcham in Surrey, although today its extensive crops can be seen in Norfolk. The wonderful properties of oil as a healing agent were discovered quite by accident by the French chemist Gatfosse at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. The legend about lavender says that God gave useful herbs to the exiled Adam and Eve to ease the burden of earthly life, among them was lavender - to delight the soul. There is another legend that when lavender was removed from the Garden of Eden, it lost its fragrance. And one day, the Virgin Mary hung the clothes of the baby Jesus on a lavender bush to dry. And when Mary brought the dry linen into the house, it was saturated with a wonderful aroma. Through the infusion of the Holy Spirit, the aroma returned to the lavender! Even in ancient Rome, people recognized and fell in love with lavender. It was used for hygienic and cosmetic purposes. The Romans introduced lavender to Europe, and since then lavender has been cultivated by monks in monastic gardens. Later, when more attention was paid to the aromatic and medicinal qualities of the plant, lavender was grown in large quantities and sold in the markets. Since the XNUMXth century, lavender has been grown industrially in France for the production of perfumes. Lavender relieves mood swings, pacifies the spirit of anger in every person, brings calm and clarity. It increases concentration. This is the aroma of inner creation and peace. It does not allow insults and stress disorders to "attack" the mind, eliminates tearfulness and hysterical reactions. Gentle touches of this fragrance provide a productive rest, after which you feel free, full of strength and joyful hopes.
Lavender promotes self-knowledge, meditation, quick recuperation. Provides complete energy relaxation, reduces aggression, helps to recover from envy. This is a warm, delicate fragrance that allows you to find not only a fire in a passionate embrace, but also refinement and intuitive penetration. Baths with lavender solution create the perfect body scent. Lavender is used in different ways in different countries. So in France, lavender is considered anti-spasmodic, tonic nervous system and sedative. In Australia as an anti-inflammatory, sedative and bile thinner. To do this, use lavender leaves, collected before the flowering of the plant. In Poland, a decoction of lavender flowers is prescribed for neuralgic pains and inflammation of the middle ear, and in combination with a chamomile flower - for bronchitis, hoarseness. And in Germany, lavender is used as an aromatic bath product, for making ointments or for washing your hair. In Bulgarian folk medicine, lavender flowers are used for indigestion, it is believed that it limits the process of decay in the intestines, has an analgesic and carminative effect for pain in the stomach and intestines. For the same purpose, warm poultices from lavender flowers are also used. Often lavender is used for loss of appetite, flushing of the head, colic, nausea, dizziness, loss of strength, headaches, apoplexy, jaundice, paralysis, joint pain, gout. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Lavender officinalis, Lavandula officinalis Chaix. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
Lamiaceae family - Lamiaceae. Evergreen, pubescent grayish shrub 30-60 (100) cm high, with a strong smell. The root is taproot, woody, branched in the upper part. The lower woody branches are strongly branched, ascending, bearing numerous young shoots; flower-bearing shoots are tetrahedral with a long upper internode. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblong-linear, with curled margins, 2-6 cm long, green or grey-green with pubescence. The flowers are collected in false whorls, forming spike-shaped inflorescences. Corolla bilabiate, about 1 cm long, usually bluish-violet, pubescent. The fruit consists of four nuts enclosed in the remaining calyx. The homeland is the French and Spanish coast of the Mediterranean Sea; naturalized throughout Europe, North Africa and North America. All parts of the plant contain essential oil leaves - up to 0,4%, stems - up to 0,2%, a significant amount of it accumulates in inflorescences - 3,5-4,5%. The main component of the oil are esters of L-linalool alcohol and acids (acetic, butyric, valeric and caproic). In addition, it contains cineole, geraniol, borneol, etc. The flowers also contain tannins (up to 12%), bitterness and resins, ursolic acid, coumarin, herniarin. Coumarin and herniarin are distilled simultaneously with the essential oil in the process of hydrodistillation. Lavender has been used by the ancient Greeks and Romans.
The plant has a strong spicy smell and a spicy-tart taste. Use the inflorescences from which the essential oil is extracted. Essential oil is widely used in the production of perfumes and cosmetics, in the alcoholic beverage industry. Lavender flowers and oil are used as a spice in cooking, in particular, it is popular in Spanish, French and Italian cuisine. Due to its strong aroma, lavender is added only to some dishes. During the smoking of products, lavender, along with juniper berries, is added to smoldering sawdust. Some gourmets use lavender in green oil and vegetable dishes along with savory, dill and sage. It is also used to make green sauces and added to fish soups. The flowers have a diuretic, anticonvulsant and sedative effect that improves cerebral circulation. Lavender oil has antiseptic and bactericidal properties. Essential oil solution stimulates wound healing without rough scars on the skin. Lavender oil is part of the French patented preparations with neuro- and myotropic activity, as well as the Austrian patented inhalation liquid, which is an effective prophylactic against influenza infections. It is included in a French patent hygiene product for the care of animals and the prevention of their diseases. The soothing effect of lavender in neurasthenia and palpitations is used in the form of therapeutic baths. In Bulgaria, lavender oil is used in dentistry and for the treatment of rhinitis, laryngitis, and pneumonia by inhalation. In folk medicine, alcoholic solutions of lavender oil and flowers were used in the treatment of migraine, neurasthenia, rheumatism, cardiovascular diseases, urolithiasis and pyelonephritis, for therapeutic baths for inflammation of the joints, as a wound healing, for skin diseases and neuralgia, bruises, dislocations and paralysis . In everyday life, lavender flowers serve as a deterrent against mosquitoes, mosquitoes and protect woolen products from moths. Lavender is a good nectar-bearing plant, lavender honey is considered healing. Valuable ornamental plant. In the Crimea and the Caucasus, it is used for landscaping dry rocky places, creating borders. It is of great importance in the fight against soil erosion. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Lavender, Lavandula spica L. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation
Synonyms: L. officinalis Chaix., L. fragrans Salisb., L. spicata Eaton, L. vulgaris var. a Lam., L. spica L. a angustifolia L. Names: German Lavandel, Laubangel, Spik, Spike, Spiklawandel, Speckbliimchen, Schilke; Goal. lavendel; dates lavendel; Swedishlavendel; English lavender; fr. lavender; Spanish lavandula, espliego, spigo; port, lavanda, alfazema; it. lavendola, lavanda, spigo; Greek lebanta: alb. Levanta; Sir. lawanda; Polish lawanda; Czech levandule; Slovenian sirvka, moski despik; Serb, bosiljak. Perennial shrub 20-100 cm high, with numerous ascending branches. The leaves are oblong-linear, entire, obtuse, turned inward along the edges, gray-tomentose-pubescent at a young age, 2-6 cm long, 2-6 mm wide. Flowers in false 6-10-flowered whorls, at the ends of the stems form a discontinuous spike-shaped inflorescence. Bracts rhomboid-ovate, pointed, short, 3-5 mm long. Calyx densely covered with white hairs; corolla small, purple. Seeds are oblong, black-brown, shiny, very small (1 seeds in 1000 g); germination is maintained for 4-5 years.
Seeding rate - 15 kg/ha; seeds remain viable for 3-4 years. Seedlings appear 10-14 days after sowing. In one place, hyssop is grown for 3-4 years. It blooms and produces seeds in the second year after sowing, and then annually. Fragrant leaves in fresh and dried forms serve as a spice, and thanks to the essential "lavender" oil, they are used in perfumery. There is another species - L. latifolia Vill (L. spica D. C), the so-called evil lavender, which is distinguished by a looser bush and branching long shoots. Cultivated and used similarly to ordinary lavender. Author: Ipatiev A.N.
Lavender real, Lavandula officinalis. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
Leaves or twigs with leaves and flowers are used as a spice. The flowers contain 1,5-2,5% essential oil, the main component of which is linalool alcohol and its acetic ester - linalyl acetate. In addition to them, the composition of the oil includes valeric aldehyde, coumarin, caryophyllene, limonene, butyric, valeric and caproic acids. The content of linalool and linalyl acetate ranges from 28 to 80% (by weight of the oil). The presence of a large amount of linalyl acetate gives the oil a delicate and delicate aroma. True lavender as a spice is very popular in Spanish, French and Italian cuisines. Lavender oil is used in the food industry. It goes to flavor wines and is used in the manufacture of syrups in the liquor industry. Lavender flowers are recommended as a sedative and choleretic agent. In dried form, they are used to flavor laundry and repel moths. The plant is a wonderful honey plant. Lavender essential oil is a part of antiseptic aerosols. Lavender is native to the Mediterranean. In its natural form, it grows on a narrow strip of the Mediterranean coast and reaches the front of India. Widely cultivated in Europe, North and South Africa, in the mountainous regions of tropical Asia, America, Australia, Ukraine (Crimea). Scientists have obtained hybrid varieties from crossing spike lavender and broadleaf lavender, called lavandins. They contain up to 2,5% of oil on a wet weight and provide a collection of up to 100-200 kg/ha of oil with a yield of inflorescences up to 10 t/ha. World production of lavender oil is about 200 tons, of which 60-70 tons are obtained in France. The genus "lavender" includes more than 25 species, it is represented by semishrubs and shrubs. Real lavender (Lavandula officinalis Ch.), family Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae) is a perennial shrub. The root system is powerfully developed, strongly branched in the upper part. The bulk of the roots is located at a depth of up to 40 cm, skeletal roots penetrate up to 1,5-2,0 m deep into the soil. The main trunk of adult plants begins to branch near the ground and is almost invisible. The lower bare, woody branches are covered with grayish-brown bark and branch many times. They arc up and form a dense hemispherical bush, its height is 50-70 cm, diameter is 60-80 cm. Young annual shoots are herbaceous, 4-sided, pubescent. Leaves and flowering stems form on them. Lavender leaves are linear-lanceolate, entire, densely pubescent, gray-green in color. Their length is 2,5-6,5 cm, width 1,2-5,0 mm. Inflorescences spike-shaped. The number of peduncles on one plant is from 40 to 700 and even 1000. The inflorescence consists of 4-12 whorls arranged oppositely. Each whorl contains 7 to 20 flowers. Flowers small, bisexual. Calyx tubular, with longitudinal ribs, covered with numerous hairs. Corolla white or dark purple, tubular, two-lipped, falls off after flowering. Stamens 4, ovary superior, 4-celled. The fruit is a one-seeded nutlet, small, smooth, oblong-oval in shape.
Real lavender is a mountain, light-loving, drought-resistant plant. Belongs to the group of heat-loving crops. At the same time, it is characterized by high frost resistance. Mature plants tolerate temperatures down to minus 26 ° C. At 5°C, lavender plants go dormant. For the normal course of the annual vegetation cycle, the sum of active temperatures is slightly more than 3600 ° C. Lavender culture does well on light, sufficiently aerated soils with a neutral and alkaline reaction. In conditions of normal and insufficient moisture, sandy and loamy soils are best for it. Lavender does not grow well on saline, waterlogged, acidic and heavy clay soils with a close occurrence of groundwater. Real lavender is propagated by seeds and vegetatively (by cuttings, layering and dividing the bush). Cuttings are harvested on 1-2-year-old shoots. They are planted in greenhouses according to the scheme 5x5 or 6x4 cm. Rooting begins in the spring and lasts about 2 months. In autumn, seedlings are ready for planting. The soil for lavender is plowed to a depth of 60 cm, and then cultivated several times. In European countries, plantations are laid in the autumn. Plant placement scheme 120-140 x 35-40 cm. Planting density - 20 thousand plants per 1 ha. Plantings are used for 20-25 years, harvesting starts from the second year. In the first year of life, care for plantations is reduced to the removal of inflorescences, repeated processing of row spacing and the restoration of dead plants. Every year it is recommended to fertilize with nitrogen fertilizers. With a decrease in plant productivity, they are rejuvenated by cutting the bush at a height of 4-5 cm from the soil surface. In Bulgaria, this work is carried out on 10-12-year-old plantations. Lavender is harvested manually or mechanically in the phase of mass flowering. Flower stalks 10-12 cm long are cut annually and immediately transported to the plant. The average yield of inflorescences is 1,5-2,0 t/ha. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Angustifolia lavender (true lavender, spike lavender, spike lavender, spike lavender), Lavandula angustifolia. reference Information
Herbaceous plant, species of the genus Lavender (Lavandula) of the Lamiaceae family. Evergreen, pubescent grayish shrub 30-60 (100) cm high, with a strong smell. The root is missing. The rhizome is woody, branched in the upper part. The lower woody branches are strongly branched, ascending, bearing numerous young shoots; flower-bearing shoots are tetrahedral with a long upper internode. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblong-linear, with curled margins, 2-6 cm long, green or grey-green with pubescence. The flowers are collected in false whorls, forming spike-shaped inflorescences. Corolla bilabiate, about 1 cm long, usually bluish-violet, pubescent. The fruit consists of four nuts enclosed in the remaining calyx. The homeland is the French and Spanish coast of the Mediterranean Sea; naturalized throughout Europe, North Africa and North America. All parts of the plant contain essential (lavender) oil: leaves - up to 0,4%, stems - up to 0,2%, a significant amount of it accumulates in inflorescences - 3,5-4,5% (according to other sources, 0,8- 1,6%. The main component of the oil (30-60%) are esters of L-linalool alcohol and acids (acetic, butyric, valeric and caproic). In addition, cineole, geraniol, borneol, etc. were found in it. The flowers also contain tannins (up to 12%), bitterness and resins, ursolic acid, coumarin, herniarin. Coumarin and herniarin are distilled simultaneously with the essential oil in the process of hydrodistillation. The flowers have a diuretic, anticonvulsant and sedative effect that improves cerebral circulation. Lavender oil has antiseptic and bactericidal properties. Essential oil solution stimulates wound healing without rough scars on the skin. Lavender has been used by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The plant has a strong spicy smell and a spicy-tart taste. Essential oil is widely used in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics and in the alcoholic beverage industry. Lavender flowers and oil are used as a spice in cooking, in particular, it is popular in Spanish, French and Italian cuisine. Due to its strong aroma, lavender is added only to some dishes. During the smoking of products, lavender, along with juniper berries, is added to smoldering sawdust. Some gourmets use lavender in green oil and vegetable dishes along with savory, dill and sage. It is also used to make green sauces and added to fish soups. Lavender oil is a part of preparations with neuro- and myotropic activity, as well as an inhalation liquid, which is an effective prophylactic against influenza infections. The soothing effect of lavender in neurasthenia and palpitations is used in the form of therapeutic baths. In Bulgaria, lavender oil is used in dentistry and for the treatment of rhinitis, laryngitis, and pneumonia by inhalation. Previously, lavender oil was used to improve the smell of medicines. In folk medicine, alcoholic solutions of lavender oil and flowers were used in the treatment of migraine, neurasthenia, rheumatism, cardiovascular diseases, urolithiasis and pyelonephritis, for therapeutic baths for inflammation of the joints, as a wound healing, for skin diseases and neuralgia, bruises, dislocations and paralysis . It is included in the hygienic preparation for the care of animals and the prevention of their diseases. In everyday life, lavender flowers serve as a deterrent against mosquitoes, mosquitoes and protect woolen products from moths. Valuable ornamental plant. In the Crimea and the Caucasus, narrow-leaved lavender is used for landscaping dry rocky places, creating borders. In the Moscow region it can be grown, but it winters badly. It is of great importance in the fight against soil erosion. Lavender flowers are extremely eagerly visited by bees, as they secrete a lot of nectar. Therefore, the areas occupied by this crop are of great value for honey collection: from each hectare it is possible to get up to 150 kg of honey. An average of 1-4 families can be planted per 6 ha of lavender. In practice, the hives are placed much more than the norm, since beekeepers go to lavender with great pleasure. Lavender honey has a pleasant aroma and taste and has healing properties.
Lavender angustifolia (lavender officinalis, real lavender, spiky lavender, spike lavender, spike lavender), Lavandula officinalis. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Lavender angustifolia (lavender officinalis, real lavender, spiky lavender, spike lavender, spike lavender), Lavandula officinalis. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Lavender angustifolia (Lavandula officinalis) is an ornamental and medicinal plant that can be grown in the garden or vegetable garden. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing lavender: Cultivation:
Preparation and storage:
Lavender angustifolia can be used to make a tea, infusion, or oil. Lavender oil can be used for cosmetic purposes such as skin and hair care, and in aromatherapy for relaxation and stress relief.
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