22. LATENT CRIME, ITS TYPES AND METHODS OF DETERMINATION

Latent crime - real, but hidden or unregistered part of actually committed crimes. The difference between recorded crime and actual crime is what constitutes latent crime.

According to the mechanism of formation, latent crime is divided into 3 components:

1) unreported crimes - were committed, but the victims, witnesses and other citizens in respect of whom they were committed, of whom they were eyewitnesses or of whom they were aware, did not report this to law enforcement agencies;

2) unrecorded crimes - about which law enforcement agencies were aware (had reasons and grounds for registering a crime and initiating a criminal case), but they did not register and did not investigate them;

3) unspecified crimes - were declared, registered, investigated, but due to the negligence or insufficient desire of operational and investigative workers, their poor professional training, erroneous criminal law qualifications and other reasons, no event or corpus delicti was established in the actual deed.

It is believed that the more serious the category of crimes, the lower the latency coefficient for it. Such dependence exists, but it is not absolute. An example is the most serious crimes - premeditated murders, hidden under accidents, natural death, missing people and in other ways.

Unreported crimes are related to the distrust of citizens and victims of crimes in law enforcement agencies with distrust in their ability to solve the crime and protect the complainant; with unwillingness to contact the police; with fear of revenge from criminals; with unwillingness to publicize the fact of assault, such as rape; with the conclusion of a compromise deal with the criminal; with the fact that the person is not fully aware of himself as a victim of a crime, and other reasons.

The scale of latent crime is still unknown to criminology. There are numerous disputes between criminologists regarding the definition of quantitative indicators of latent crime. In this case, various sociological, statistical, analytical methods are used:

1) comparative analysis of interrelated indicators of criminal statistics;

2) study of information contained in various documents. These are criminal records, records of various offenses (administrative, disciplinary), citizens' complaints, data on admission to medical institutions of persons with injuries of varying severity, possibly of a criminal nature (gunshot wounds, etc.), etc.;

3) surveys of citizens, convicts and prisoners. The reliability of this information still needs to be verified (especially for convicts, prisoners, and victims);

4) expert assessments of specialists.

Specialists - persons who have special knowledge in this area and who are generally recognized experts in their field.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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