12. CONCEPT AND TYPES OF CRIMINOLOGICAL VICTIMITY

Criminological victimization - increased ability of a person, due to a number of subjective and objective circumstances, to become an object for criminal encroachments.

Quantitative indicators of victimization:

1) volume - expressed in absolute figures, the number of crimes that caused harm to individuals and legal entities; the number of victims of these crimes in a certain territory for a certain period;

2) level - the total number of recorded crimes that caused harm to individuals and legal entities; the number of victims of these crimes, as well as cases of harm caused by crimes in a certain territory for a certain period. The nature of victimization is determined by the number of victims of the most dangerous crimes in the structure of victimization, as well as by the characteristics of the personalities of those against whom the crimes are committed.

Types of criminological victimization:

1) individual - this is the potential, as well as the realized increased ability of a person to become a victim of a criminal assault, provided that objectively this could have been avoided. Individual victimization is made up of personal and situational components, and the qualitative characteristics of the first one are systemically dependent on the second one.

Individual victimization - this is a state of vulnerability of an individual caused by the presence of crime, which arose as a result of his interaction with external factors and consists in the possibility of realizing (or not realizing) the qualities inherent in him during the commission of a crime against him. This vulnerability depends on subjective and objective predispositions and acts as an inability to resist the criminal;

2) massive - people who have similar, similar or different moral, psychological, biophysical and social qualities that determine the degree of vulnerability from crime constitute a mass in which an individual with his individual victimization acts only as an element of the aggregate.

Mass victimization depending on the implementation of certain personal and situational factors expressed in various forms:

1) group - victimization of certain groups of the population, categories of people similar in parameters of victimization;

2) object-specific - victimhood as a prerequisite and consequence of various types of crimes;

3) subject-species - victimhood as a prerequisite and consequence of crimes committed by various categories of criminals.

Mass victimization is expressed in the aggregate of all victims and acts of causing harm by crimes to individuals in a certain territory in a certain period of time and the potentials of vulnerability common to the population and its individual groups, which are realized in a mass of diverse individual victim manifestations, to varying degrees determining the commission of crimes and causing harm.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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