Criminology. Statistics in criminological research (the most important)

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Criminology. Statistics in criminological research (the most important)

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5. STATISTICS IN CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Criminal statistics - a system of provisions and techniques of the general theory of statistics applied to the study of criminal law and criminological phenomena in order to fulfill their laws and develop measures to counteract crime.

Tasks of criminal statistics:

1) a digital description of the state and dynamics of crime in absolute and relative terms, as well as an assessment of the practice of combating crime;

2) obtaining reliable information about the registration of crimes and measures to combat them;

3) determination of trends in crime and its recurrence;

4) identifying the pros and cons in the fight against crime.

Methods of criminal statistics:

1) statistical observation;

2) summary and grouping of the collected material;

3) calculation of generalized data;

4) qualitative analysis of social phenomena.

Statistical observation - organizational collection of information about mass processes and phenomena related to criminological research.

Statistical information about crime depends on what is taken into account and how. The main task of statistical observation in the field of crime is the registration of each detected crime and the person who committed it, acting as units of its totality in the relevant accounting documents.

Statistical summary - scientific processing of statistical observation materials, bringing together individual units into various aggregates in order to obtain a generalized description of the phenomenon under study in terms of a number of signs that are essential for it.

Statistical grouping - the distribution of population units into homogeneous, qualitatively different groups according to one or another feature that is essential for this study.

The main task of groupings in criminological research is to give the most complete and comprehensive quantitative description of crime, the personality of criminals, victims of crimes, the causes and conditions of crimes and the reaction of society to them.

Depending on the objectives of the study, there are:

1) typological groupings - the division of the studied phenomena into homogeneous groups, types according to an essential feature (for example, by gender, the presence of a criminal record);

2) variation groupings - distribution of typically homogeneous groups according to quantitative characteristics, which can change. With their help, they study the composition of criminals by age, education, number of convictions, terms of imprisonment and other quantitative characteristics.

3) analytical groupings - distribution by dependence, the relationship between two or more heterogeneous groups.

Generalized characteristics can be expressed:

1) in absolute (total) values;

2) in relative terms, for example, the ratio of a part to a whole;

3) in average values, when a generalized characteristic of the totality of the phenomenon under study is attributed to some quantitative attribute.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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