40. CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINOR CRIME AND ITS PREVENTION

Juvenile delinquency - the totality of crimes committed by persons aged 14 to 18 years in a certain territory for a given period of time.

Juveniles cannot be the subjects of crimes if, within the meaning of the corpus delicti, only a person who has reached the age of 18 can bear responsibility for its violation (military, official and some other crimes - a special subject).

Under the influence of the family environment, children develop certain attitudes and habits, needs and ways to satisfy them are formed.

Now there is a tendency to reduce the authority of parents, due to their wrong behavior.

In the formation of personality The teenager should actively participate in the school. However, during the period of study, schoolchildren are not instilled with the necessary skills of self-assessment of their behavior, they are not fixed in their attitudes against antisocial influences and adverse life situations; the correct relationship between teachers and students is not established, as a result of which students withdraw into themselves, and then fall under the influence of an undesirable environment. The school does not deal with extracurricular activities, organization of children's leisure. The connection of the school with the families of teenagers is weak, especially with those who are considered disadvantaged.

It has become difficult to find employment for young people who have been released from places of deprivation of liberty, sentenced on probation or with a suspended sentence. This has led to the fact that today young people make up the bulk of the army of the unemployed.

The conditions conducive to juvenile delinquency can also include: neglect, impunity, shortcomings and omissions in the work of law enforcement agencies in organizing the prevention and suppression of offenses among adolescents, serious problems in the legal education of minors, high latency of crimes committed by these persons.

According to the leading representatives of world criminological thought, the center of any program for the prevention of juvenile delinquency should be, first of all, ensuring the well-being of young people from early childhood.

We are talking about the implementation of the main provisions of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1959 and concerning the early prevention of crime, general prevention and prevention of recidivism among minors.

Early Prevention includes the activities of public education authorities, inspectorates and commissions on juvenile affairs, aimed at eliminating unfavorable conditions in the upbringing of adolescents and adjusting their pre-criminal behavior.

All preventive work should be reduced to one goal - to instill in students and other minors the necessary moral concepts, to develop skills to deal with difficult life situations, to teach how to respond correctly to negative pressure from other people who involve teenagers in various offenses, to instill respect for the law.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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