Криминология. Понятие и содержание криминологии как учебной дисциплины (самое важное)

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Криминология. Понятие и содержание криминологии как учебной дисциплины (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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1. THE CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF CRIMINOLOGY AS A SUBJECT

Criminology - academic discipline, studying crimes, their causes, types of their relationship with various phenomena and processes, the effectiveness of measures taken in the fight against crime.

Criminology studies and analyzes normative acts that form the legal basis for responding to crime and for preventing crime. This includes:

1) criminal legislation, which includes norms of criminal and penal law;

2) criminological legislation regulating activities not related to the use of criminal repression that prevent the commission of crimes.

Academic discipline studied:

1) the subject of criminology - a set of phenomena, processes and patterns studied by criminology, which includes 4 elements:

a) crime;

b) the identity of the offender;

c) causes and conditions of crime;

d) crime prevention;

2) the object of criminology - social relations that are associated with crime and solving the problems of overcoming it;

3) a crime is an object of criminological study, which is analyzed:

a) simultaneously in the context of the conditions of the external environment for a person and the characteristics of the person himself;

b) not as a momentary act, but as a process unfolding in space and time.

Criminology studies:

1) the causes and conditions of the crime,

2) features of the characteristics of the person committing the crime,

3) the consequences of criminal behavior.

The system of criminology includes:

1) the general part - the concept, subject, method, goals, tasks, functions, history of development, basic research, crime, the identity of the offender and the mechanism of crime;

2) a special part - the criminological characteristics of certain groups of crimes and a list of preventive measures aimed at combating them.

Goals of criminology:

1) theoretical - involves the knowledge of patterns and the development on this basis of scientific theories of crime, concepts and hypotheses;

2) practical - develops scientific recommendations and constructive proposals to improve the effectiveness of the fight against crime;

3) promising - sets the goal of creating a crime prevention system that will neutralize and overcome criminogenic factors;

4) the next - is aimed at the implementation of daily work to combat crime.

Tasks of criminology:

1) the study of objective and subjective factors affecting the state, level, structure and dynamics of crime;

2) studying the personality of the criminal, identifying the mechanism for committing a specific crime, classifying the types of criminal manifestations and personality types of the criminal.

Criminological theories:

1) anthropological approach;

2) the theory of "pure reason";

3) Freudian;

4) the theory of constitutional predisposition;

5) racial;

6) the concept of a dangerous state;

7) clinical;

8) hereditary.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

>> Forward: The subject and methods of studying criminology

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