Криминология. Криминологическая профилактика в системе предупреждения преступности (самое важное)

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Криминология. Криминологическая профилактика в системе предупреждения преступности (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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29. CRIMINOLOGICAL PREVENTION IN THE SYSTEM OF CRIME PREVENTION

Criminological prevention - the activity of the state and society directed against a possible, but not yet committed crime by a person. To do this, an environment is created that eliminates harmful influences on a person and provides the necessary moral formation of his personality, as well as the correction of offenders.

The objects of criminological prevention are:

1) economic, psychological, political processes and phenomena;

2) the activities of people, which must comply with the norms of law and social interaction;

3) the identity of the offender, accepted as a social process of formation of its criminogenically significant properties and qualities. Criminological crime prevention must meet principles:

1) legality - the existence of sufficient legal regulation at the level of laws and other regulations, tasks, methods, forms of prevention, rights and obligations of the subjects (participants) of this work, guarantees of the legitimate interests of persons in respect of whom it is carried out;

2) democracy - while prevention is carried out:

a) under the control of representative authorities of the appropriate level;

b) with the direct participation and under the control of public associations and formations;

3) humanism and justice - the persons in respect of whom it is carried out are considered as subjects of interaction with preventive authorities, and not as powerless objects:

a) the task is set to identify and prevent further development of criminogenic processes as early as possible in order to minimize damage to the individual, society and the state;

b) preventive impact begins with the most gentle measures, and only if they are insufficient, a transition to a more intensive impact is made;

4) scientificity - the presence and demand in the programming and planning of preventive activities, legal regulation and management of them, as well as in the direct application of preventive measures, the scientific concept of this activity, based on knowledge of its patterns and place in social systems:

a) support of all levels, stages, directions, types of preventive activities with scientific and methodological support based on the integrated use of scientific data in the fight against crime, united by criminology and criminal policy; the presence of a mechanism for the implementation of scientific recommendations after their objective assessment;

b) conducting criminological or comprehensive examinations of legislative and administrative acts related to the prevention of crime, in the process of their preparation.

For such measures to be effective, they must comply with a number of requirements:

1) must be legal - not violate the law and the rights of citizens;

2) timely - applied immediately after identifying the causes and conditions of crimes;

3) radical - such measures and in such quantity should be applied so that all the causes and conditions of the crime, and not their individual parts, are eliminated;

4) economically viable;

5) justified - apply when there is a reason for this.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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