Criminology. Criminological victimology: goals and objectives, directions of victimological knowledge (the most important)

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Criminology. Criminological victimology: goals and objectives, directions of victimological knowledge (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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10. CRIMINOLOGICAL VICTIMOLOGY: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES, DIRECTIONS OF VICTIMOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

Criminological victimology - a branch of criminology, a general theory, the doctrine of the victim, which has the victim of a crime as the subject of research.

Along with the term "victim" generally applicable in criminology, criminological victimology operates with the term "victim" denoting the direct victim of a crime.

Objectives of victimology - studying the personality of crime victims, their interpersonal connections with the criminal before, during and after the crime.

Subject of study of victimology - persons who have been physically, morally or materially harmed by a crime, including criminals; their behavior associated with the crime (including behavior after it); the relationship that connected the perpetrator and the victim until the moment the crime was committed; situations in which harm occurred, etc.

Knowledge of the victims of violence or theft, analysis and generalization of data about them, along with the study of the personality of the offender, can help to better determine the direction of preventive measures, identify groups of people most often exposed to one or another socially dangerous attack, i.e., identify risk groups and work with them.

Criminological victimology studies:

1) social, psychological, legal, moral and other characteristics of crime victims - in order to find out why, by virtue of what emotional, volitional, moral qualities, what socially conditioned orientation a person turned out to be a victim;

2) the relationship connecting the offender and the victim (victim) - to answer the question to what extent these relationships are significant for creating the prerequisites for the crime, how they affect the plot of the crime, the motives of the criminal's actions;

3) situations that precede the crime, as well as situations of the crime itself - to answer the question of how in these situations, in interaction with the behavior of the offender, the behavior (action or inaction) of the victim (victim) is criminologically significant;

4) post-criminal behavior of the victim (victim) - to answer the question of what he is doing to restore his right, whether he resorts to the protection of law enforcement agencies, the court, hinders or assists them in establishing the truth. This also includes a system of preventive measures that take into account and use the protective capabilities of both potential victims and real victims;

5) ways, possibilities, methods of compensation for the harm caused by the crime, and, first of all, the physical rehabilitation of the victim (victim). Victimology studies various issues related to harm. First of all, she refers to the personal qualities and behavior of the victims, to a greater or lesser extent determining the criminal actions of the perpetrators of harm, to situations fraught with the danger of causing violence.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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