21. INDICATORS OF CRIME AND METHODS OF THEIR DETERMINATION

The main indicators of crime are:

1) state of crime - the number of crimes and the persons who committed them in a certain territory for a certain time;

2) coefficient, or level, of crime - the total number of registered crimes for a certain time and in a certain territory.

K \uXNUMXd (P / N) BW,

where K is the crime rate; P - number of crimes; N - the number of people who have reached the age of criminal responsibility living in the territory for which the coefficient is calculated; B - coefficient (usually 100,000);

3) crime structure - is revealed through its internal content - the ratio in the total array of crimes and criminals, their various types and categories, identified on various legal, criminological grounds.

From this point of view crimes are divided into: intentional and reckless; severe, less severe, etc.; with and without motivation; urban and rural crime; in industry, trade, etc.; by object; by subject; according to the age; by the number of participants, etc. Structuring can have a multi-level character (for example, rural male crime).

4) crime dynamics - changes in crime (state, level, structure, etc.) over time. Determining the dynamics of crime has the following goals:

1) establish patterns inherent in crime;

2) most accurately predict the state of crime in the future.

The dynamics is influenced by social factors (revolutions, coups, etc.), legal factors (introduction of a new Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, etc.), organizational and legal changes (number of policemen, courts, judicial practice). None of the above factors is self-sufficient, they are all studied together.

Additional indicators of crime are:

1) volume of crime - the absolute number of crimes committed in a certain territory for a certain period;

2) nature of crime - is determined by what is the share of the most dangerous crimes in the structure of crime or what is the characteristic of the personality of those who commit crimes. He also points to the social danger of crime. A direct indicator of public danger is the severity of the average crime, and an indirect indicator is the criminal record index.

D=di/p,

where D is the severity of the average crime; d. - the sum of all values ​​of the amount of punishment assigned to an individual convicted person; p is the total number of people sentenced to criminal penalties for the year;

Ip=p x 105/N;

where Ip is the criminal record index;

p is the number of persons convicted by sentences that have entered into legal force to suspended sentences for a certain period and in a certain territory;

N is the number of the population aged 14 living in the given territory;

3) geography of crime - the difference in the characteristics of crime, due to the social and economic conditions of different regions;

4) crime timekeeping - some crimes increase in certain seasons, time of day.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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