16. THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE DETERMINATION OF A PARTICULAR CRIME. CONCEPTS OF REASONS

Biological factors of crime determination - such psychological states as needs, drives, emotions, interests, value orientations.

Needs - a reflection of dependence on the outside world, but not every human need is a source of negative criminal behavior of a person. Most often, the source of motivation for crime is material, sexual, ideological needs and the need for social communication.

Attractions and emotions - practically unregulated manifestation of personal qualities of a biological nature. A large number of crimes are committed at the peak of or under the influence of an acute mental or psychological state. Such states can be fear, cowardice, envy, anger, desire for revenge, anger, etc. The extreme degree of emotional stress can be a physiological or pathological affect.

Personal values - the level of morality and legal consciousness of the individual. In criminals, both of these elements are weakened and deformed. In cases where a person's life position is characterized by a focus on personal gain or authoritarian suppression of others, it is impossible to expect correct and positive adherence to value principles.

social factor - human society, social environment.

In the criminological study of the social environment, the social environment of different levels is delimited:

1) metaenvironment - the specific originality of the complex of social relations at this stage of the existence of human society as a whole. This is the social environment on Earth in the unity of its material and spiritual components, in the interaction of the social environment of different states, peoples, races with the material conditions of their existence and culture;

2) social-state environment - a special phenomenon that depends on the state of historical features of the development of a given state, its economy, politics, spiritual foundation, even its geopolitical position;

3) medium level environment - regional environment, i.e. the social environment of a certain territory with the originality of the complex of its economic, political, social and spiritual characteristics.

Midrange environment - social group environment. Representatives of different social groups are characterized by different criminal activity. It is unprecedentedly high among people without a certain occupation (income) and place of residence;

4) microenvironment - mediates the influence of the wider social environment. The behavior of the individual, its formation depend on the family, the environment of its direct communication (friends, comrades, acquaintances, neighbors).

There is a triple mechanism of social determination of crime by:

1) a certain social formation of the personality;

2) giving her prescriptions of an unlawful or contradictory nature;

3) placing a person in situations that force or facilitate the choice of a criminal behavior.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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