Криминология. Понятие причин преступности и их классификация (самое важное)

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Криминология. Понятие причин преступности и их классификация (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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18. CONCEPT OF THE CAUSES OF CRIME AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

Causes of crime - such phenomena of social life that give rise to crime, support its existence, cause its growth or decrease.

Causality - an objective, universal genetic (producing, generative) connection between two phenomena: cause and effect.

The variety of manifestations of crime and its connection with many aspects of social life necessitate the classification of its causes.

The correct choice of classification features is of great scientific and practical importance.

The problem of the causes of crime, its essence and place in the fight against crime must be considered at different levels:

1) individual - considering the identity of the offender, examining the mechanism of criminal behavior, it is possible to establish the relevant circumstances, factors that push a person to commit a crime;

2) sociological - here it is necessary to address directly to the society itself, to such spheres as social, economic, political, spiritual. These areas influence the formation of the personality of the future criminal, the motivation of his actions and the implementation of his plan;

3) philosophical - the most common cause of crime in any society can be considered objectively existing social contradictions (always exists, but not always formally, a dominant, economically strong class and its opposite).

Grounds for classifying the causes of crime:

1) according to the mechanism of action: harmful traditions, mores, attitudes, habits functioning at the level of society, group or individuals (socio-psychological determinant);

2) according to the level of functioning: general causes of crime in general and the causes of certain types of crimes (or groups) and individual crimes;

3) by content: economic, ideological, political, social, cultural, organizational reasons;

4) by nature: objective, objective-subjective and subjective reasons.

5) by proximity to the event of the crime or to a certain combination of them: nearest, distant, immediate, mediated;

6) according to sources: internal and external.

The immediate causes of crime and crimes are phenomena of a socio-psychological nature, namely, a criminogenically deformed social and individual psychology, which contradicts the generally accepted principles of international, constitutional and criminal law.

Reasons that affect crime can also be:

1) general - a system of all circumstances, under the totality of which an investigation occurs. We are talking about the totality of all phenomena and factors that give rise to crime, and all the conditions that determine it;

2) specific - part of the common cause, the presence of which, under a certain situation (certain conditions), leads to a crime.

It cannot be said that these causes of crime appeared today. They have always existed, because social contradictions are eternal - they will be where there is society.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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