Criminology. Criminological classification of crimes (the most important)

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Criminology. Criminological classification of crimes (the most important)

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27. CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES

Criminology in the process of studying crime is faced with various types of crimes. In the process of developing preventive measures, it becomes necessary to classify these crimes for the most profound knowledge of each of them and develop appropriate preventive measures.

The classification of crimes can be based on:

1) the object of the crime - the state system, private property, life, health, sexual integrity, security, etc.);

2) public legal relations within which the offense was committed (political crimes, economic, environmental, etc.);

3) causes and conditions conducive to the commission of crimes (for example, crimes committed in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication);

4) motivation (acquisitive crimes, motivated by jealousy, revenge);

5) personality traits of the offender, etc. Based on the above grounds such crimes can be distinguishedAs:

1) political;

2) economic,

3) environmental;

4) corrupt;

5) selfish;

6) organized;

7) violent;

8) environmental;

9) intentional;

10) careless;

11) crimes committed by minors;

12) crimes committed by women;

13) crimes committed by servicemen.

The classification of crimes cannot be given once and for all. The boundaries between different categories of crimes are conditional: the conjuncture of crime is changing rapidly, as are the nature and degree of social danger of various torts. Therefore, the classification of crimes should be periodically updated, since it is important for solving problems of a criminological nature (on the classification of criminals).

The category of the crime is taken into account when establishing dangerous and especially dangerous recidivism; the death penalty and life imprisonment are imposed only for especially grave crimes that encroach on life; when imposing punishment for a combination of crimes, depending on their categories, either the application of the principle of absorbing a less severe punishment by a more severe one is either allowed or excluded; criminal liability arises for preparation only for a grave or especially grave crime; the significance of a circumstance mitigating punishment may take place when committing for the first time, as a result of an accidental combination of circumstances, only a crime of little gravity.

Dividing crimes into types on certain grounds helps to understand the essence of the issues being studied and their connection with each other. The classification of crimes is also necessary to understand the interaction, influence (or lack thereof) of some types of crimes on other types. Another advantage of the classification of crimes in this case is the fact that it organizes the issues studied by criminology, and this in turn facilitates the process of cognition.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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