Криминология. Понятие криминологической личности преступника и ее изучение (самое важное)

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Криминология. Понятие криминологической личности преступника и ее изучение (самое важное)

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13. THE CONCEPT OF THE CRIMINOLOGICAL PERSONALITY OF THE CRIMINAL AND ITS STUDY

The identity of the culprit - a set of properties inherent in a person who commits or has committed a crime, constituting his personality. Criminologists study this set of properties in order to determine on their basis the factors that influence the commission of a particular crime, which can be used in the process of investigating and considering a criminal case, as well as in creating the foundations and methods of individual prevention.

The personality of the perpetrator is different its public danger, the degree of which depends on the depth of deformation of its moral and psychological qualities.

The classification of criminals can be built on various grounds, among which it is worth highlighting 2 large groups of signs:

1) sociological (socio-demographic) - gender, age, level of education, level of material security, social status, family, etc.;

2) legal - the nature, severity of the crimes committed, the commission of crimes for the first time or repeatedly, in a group or alone, the duration of criminal activity, the object of criminal encroachment, the form of guilt, etc.

The main stimulus of human activity is motive - a subjective phenomenon associated with the individual characteristics and attitudes of the individual, but at the same time including its socio-psychological features.

Offender personality types:

1) selfish - this type unites all persons who have committed crimes based on personal enrichment (thefts, robberies, robberies, thefts, fraud, a number of malfeasance);

2) violent - the motives for violent crimes (murder, bodily harm, rape and hooliganism) are quite diverse. It is wrong to call violence a motive, because only mentally ill, insane people can commit violent acts for their own sake. The concept of violence largely reflects the external nature of the action, and not just its internal content.

According to the degree of their public danger, criminogenic infection, its severity and activity distinguish types of personality of the offender:

1) especially dangerous (active antisocial) - repeatedly convicted recidivists, whose stable criminal activity is in the nature of active opposition to society;

2) desocialized dangerous (passive, asocial) - persons who have fallen out of the system of normal connections and communication, leading a parasitic, often homeless, existence for a long time (tramps, beggars, alcoholics);

3) unstable - persons who commit crimes not due to persistent antisocial tendencies, but due to their involvement in the life of certain groups with a negative orientation;

4) situational - persons whose social danger to their personality is expressed insignificantly in their behavior, but nevertheless exists and manifests itself in appropriate situations.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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