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Created diffraction gratings for the world's most powerful laser

20.09.2022

Livermore National Laboratory researchers Lawrence (LLNL) and colleagues have designed and built new diffraction gratings for compressing high-energy laser pulses in the world's most powerful laser system. The new design will make it possible to transmit 10 PW of energy (1016 W) in one pulse. This is about ten times the total capacity of the US power grid, which is necessary for many areas of science.

Four HELD diffraction gratings (high energy low dispersion gratings) with dimensions of 85? 70 cm each will be installed in the ELI-Beamlines L4-ATON laser system in the Czech Republic. Such meter-sized HELD gratings could potentially contribute to the creation of future ultrafast laser systems with a power of 20 to 50 PW.

In a laser system, diffraction gratings are used to expand and then compress broadband laser pulses. The chirped pulse amplification (CPA) method was proposed in 1985 by physicists Gerard Albert Mourou and Donna Strickland, for which they received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018. Currently, the CPA method is the only one for obtaining a laser pulse of the petawatt level.

Thanks to the new diffraction gratings, the L4-ATON facility will be able to generate 1,5 kJ of energy in pulses with a duration of 150 fs (femtoseconds, 10-15 s), which will correspond to the transmission of an unprecedented power of 10 PW at a repetition rate of one pulse per minute. Achieving such energies will open the door to revolutionary research in areas such as plasma and high energy density physics, astrophysics, laser particle acceleration, advanced medical diagnostics, industrial processing technologies, and the detection of nuclear materials.

Compared to modern NIF ARC arrays, HELD arrays provide 3,4 times higher energy density. They are large enough, efficient and strong enough to withstand the high energy density of laser pulses. Stretching in time and spectral laser "shot" diffraction gratings reduce the energy load on the amplifying optical system, protecting it from damage. After amplification, the laser pulse is again compressed and thus reaches the highest energies without harm to the optical amplification channel.

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