Криминология. Преступление как объект криминологического изучения (самое важное)

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Криминология. Преступление как объект криминологического изучения (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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24. CRIME AS AN OBJECT OF CRIMINOLOGICAL STUDY

Mechanism of criminal behavior - consists of: formation of motivation, decision-making to commit a crime, execution of the decision, post-criminal behavior.

The motive of behavior - an internal impulse to action, a desire determined by needs, interests, feelings that have arisen and aggravated under the influence of the external environment and a specific situation. Following the motive, the goal is formed as the foreseeable and desired result of a certain act.

Organized criminal activity - a system of interrelated organized criminal acts of a subject (one person or a group of persons).

The logic of the development of organized criminal activity leads to the fact that the subject of a crime can be not one person, but a collective subject.

Crime - a historically changeable, social and criminal law phenomenon, which is a system of crimes committed in a certain region for the corresponding period.

Crime is considered as a product of the interaction of certain types of environment and personality types.

In this interaction, two major substructures of crime can be distinguished:

1) stable - in the origin of which the leading role is played by personal characteristics;

2) situational - the genesis of which is determined by a stronger influence of the environment than personal characteristics, a complex situation of criminal behavior.

Organized crime - the organization of criminal formations with their large-scale criminal activity and the creation of the most favorable conditions for such activity, using both its own structures with managerial and other functions to service these formations, their activities and external interactions, and the state structure, civil society institutions.

Criminological study of crime reveals:

1) the degree of its prevalence and public danger in specific conditions of place and time in order to assess its condition and trends, determine the directions for combating crime;

2) social characteristics of crime, indicating the features of its generation and functioning in order to develop specific preventive measures;

3) own, internal characteristics of crime (stability, activity, organization) in order to improve law enforcement and measures to prevent the recurrence of crimes, to strengthen organized principles in crime.

In the process of cognition, the researcher receives actual data on crime, reflected in the system of indicators (the total number of crimes, the number of identified criminals, etc.).

Evaluation means correlating new information with previous knowledge, ideas, hypotheses.

It is important to ensure the purposefulness of analytical activity, correctly define its tasks, formulate initial hypotheses, give this analysis a certain program character and remain ready to receive new, sometimes unexpected, non-programmed data.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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