Криминология. Предмет и методы изучения криминологии (самое важное)

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Криминология. Предмет и методы изучения криминологии (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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2. SUBJECT AND METHODS OF STUDYING CRIMINOLOGY

Subject of criminology - a range of issues that are studied by criminologists, based on various indicators, on facts and on historical experience.

Subject of criminology - the study of patterns, laws, principles and properties of the development of social relations that make up the object of criminology.

The subject of criminology consists of four main elements:

1) crime - a social and criminal legal phenomenon in society, representing the totality of all crimes committed in a given state over a certain period of time. Crime is measured by the following qualitative and quantitative indicators: level, structure and dynamics;

2) the identity of the criminal, his place and role in antisocial manifestations. Data on the personal properties of crime subjects contain information about the causes of crimes;

3) causes and conditions of crime - a system of negative economic, demographic, psychological, political, organizational and managerial phenomena and processes that generate and cause crime;

4) crime prevention - a system of state measures aimed at eliminating, neutralizing or weakening the causes and conditions of crime, deterring crime and correcting the behavior of offenders. Guided by this statement, criminology selects certain methods (means, ways, ways) of research and study of this phenomenon.

Method of criminology - a set of techniques and methods used to find, collect, analyze, evaluate and apply information about crime in general and its individual components, about the identity of the offender in order to create effective measures to combat crime and prevent crime.

Criminology study methods:

1) watching - direct perception of the phenomenon under study by a researcher-criminologist. The objects of observation can be individuals or their group and specific phenomena that are of interest to criminologists;

2) experiment - it is carried out in cases when it is necessary to introduce into practice new methods of crime prevention, to test certain theoretical assumptions and ideas;

3) interview - a method of collecting information, in which the interviewed persons find out information of interest to criminologists about objective processes and phenomena.

The reliability of the information obtained during the survey depends on objective (place and time of the survey) and subjective factors (interest of the interviewed person in this or that information);

4) analysis of documentary sources of information of criminological research - the necessary information is collected from various documentary sources (certificates, contracts, criminal cases, video, audio cassettes and other items intended for storing and transmitting information);

5) modeling - a way to study processes or systems of objects by building and studying models in order to obtain new information.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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