Криминология. Криминологическая ситуация; понятие, виды; цели, задачи изучения (самое важное)

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Криминология. Криминологическая ситуация; понятие, виды; цели, задачи изучения (самое важное)

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30. CRIMINOLOGICAL SITUATION; CONCEPT, TYPES; GOALS, STUDY OBJECTIVES

Criminological situation - a set of circumstances that include the stage of formation of the offender's personality, no matter how distant it is from the event of the crime (personality-forming situation), the pre-criminal (life) situation immediately preceding the crime, the crime itself (criminal situation), as well as the post-criminal situation, considered as a single causal process.

Types of criminological situations:

1) by development over time:

a) one-fact - situations of a one-time nature;

b) multifactual - in which there are many episodes of behavior, a certain set of them;

2) by the nature of the interaction between the victim and the offender:

a) collision situations - the victim and the offender are in a conflict relationship, and their actions are realized in unilateral or mutual harm.

Collision situations can be:

▪ sequential - in which a collision occurs from the moment the situation arises;

▪ inconsistent - when initially the relationship and actions of the victim and the criminal are not of a conflict nature, but later acquire it;

b) cooperation situations - the actions of the victim and the perpetrator are aimed at achieving the same result, and they are not connected by conflict (illegal abortion, cohabitation with a person who has not reached puberty). These situations can be either sequential or inconsistent;

3) according to the degree and nature of understanding by the victims of the dynamics and prospects for the development of the situation:

a) closed - the victim has no idea what harm can be done to him, and does not allow such a possibility;

b) relatively closed - the victim admits the possibility of causing harm to him, but is mistaken about his nature or counts on causing harm, but not the one that actually turned out to be caused;

at) open - the victim foresees the possibility of causing harm to him and understands what this harm is;

d) open situations of arrogance - the victim understands what harm threatens him, but unreasonably expects to prevent it (an attempt by the victim to disarm the criminal based on knowledge of sambo techniques, if the overestimation of his capabilities led to harm);

4) from the attitude of the victim to the consequences of his actions and the actions of the offender:

a) negative - the victim, regardless of the purpose of his actions, does not want the onset of the harm that ultimately takes place;

b) positive - the victim wishes the onset of an objectively harmful result for him;

5) from the attitude of the victim to the initial circumstances of the situation:

a) selected - the victim is consciously included in the mechanism of the development of events, by his own will and by his behavior (jogging, passive or otherwise) creates the possibility of harming himself;

b) unselected - the victim, having no choice, gets in against his will and is forced to accept the entire sum of the circumstances that make up the situation that manifests his personal qualities in a certain behavior.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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