What did Louis XVI ask his executioner on his way to the place of execution? Detailed answer

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What did Louis XVI ask his executioner on his way to the place of execution? Detailed answer

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What did Louis XVI ask his executioner on his way to the place of execution?

January 21, 1793, going to the guillotine, deposed from the French throne, Louis Capet asked his executioner: "Is there any news about La Perouse?"

The French navigator Jean-Francois de Galo Laperouse in 1785 led an exploratory Pacific expedition on the frigates Bussol and Astrolabe. Rounding Cape Horn, La Perouse went to Easter Island, the Hawaiian Islands, Mount St. Elias near the Gulf of Alaska. It then followed the west coast of North America from 60 degrees to 36 degrees 30 minutes north and crossed the Pacific Ocean. From the Philippines, it passed through the East China and Japan Seas to the Tatar Strait to Chikhachev Bay.

Following then from Cape Zhonkier along the coast of Sakhalin south to Cape Crillon, La Perouse discovered Moneron Island, and then passed through the strait between the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido (later named after him) and headed for Kamchatka. From Petropavlovsk he sent to Paris (via St. Petersburg) a report on the expedition and maps. Then he led the frigates to the Samoa Islands, where he discovered the island of Savaii, and to Australia - in Port Jackson Bay.

In 1788, the expedition left Sydney to the north and went missing. In 1826, the English captain Dillon and in 1828 the French navigator Dumont-Durville found some things of the expedition on the island of Vanikoro (from the Santa Cruz group) and near the reefs near it. In 1964, the French expedition Brasar found the remains of a sunken frigate.

It is curious that when La Perouse selected the crews of ships, many bright and energetic people turned to him, among whom was the young artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte, who, like most others, was refused. What path would world history have taken if La Perouse had taken the ambitious Corsican into his team?

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why are we crying?

Most of us believe that we only cry when we are sad. But did you know that a person actually cries about 250 million times during their lifetime?

Let's see how it goes. Our eyelids are a kind of curtains of skin folds that can be raised and lowered with the help of muscles. These curtains move so fast that they do not interfere with our view at all. We don't even notice it. In fact, our eyelids open and close every 6 seconds.

Each eye has a special gland located at the outer corner of the eye, ducts through which tears enter the upper eyelid, channels through which tears flow from the outside of the eye.

With each blink, the tear ducts open to moisten the cornea of the eye. But, from a mechanical point of view, when we cry, the same thing happens.

Have you watched people laugh to tears? The reason for this is that with strong laughter, the muscles squeeze the glands, and tears begin to flow.

Everyone knows what can make us cry without causing us any sad emotions. Of course it's an onion! It contains special volatile substances that irritate our eyes. Tears also perform a kind of protective function, washing out this irritant. The same thing happens with smoking. We involuntarily cry, protecting, clearing our eyes.

And finally, why do we cry when we experience sad emotions? Man is the only creature that cries to express emotions. Just a thought can make a sensual person cry about it.

This is what happens when our emotions don't find expression in words. They are looking for a way out in the mechanism of the formation of tears. This is a reflex that does not depend on us. Its reason is that our body itself manifests those feelings that we cannot or do not want to express in words.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ Why was the great Hercules forced to obey the insignificant Eurystheus?

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Empathy and synchronous oscillations of neurons 06.12.2022

Biologists from the South Korean Institute of Basic Sciences have discovered a basic neural mechanism that allows you to feel empathy. A study in mice showed that synchronous neural oscillations in the right hemisphere of the brain help the animals perceive and share each other's fear. Scientists believe that people have similar reactions.

Empathy is not unique to humans; many mammals exhibit similar behavior. A classic experiment in which empathy is shown in animals is called "fear of the observer." During the experiment, one of the mice is subjected to electric shocks, the second - watching this through a transparent screen. Previous studies have shown that the observer shares a sense of fear with the victim. This is manifested in the fading of the animal in place.

In the new work, the researchers combined this classic experiment with optogenetic studies. The study showed that when the "observer" experiences fear, synchronized rhythms with a frequency of 5-7 Hz occur in the anterior cingulate cortex and basolateral amygdala. At the same time, in the "victim" an increase is observed only in the lower range of 3-5 Hz and only in the basolateral amygdala.

To confirm the link between rhythm synchronization and empathy, the researchers disrupted the synchronization between two brain regions in the right hemisphere of the "observer" mouse. This led to a significant reduction in the fading effect that characterizes fear. Similar communication disorders in the left hemisphere did not affect the behavior of the animal.

Given the universality of observed fear in mammals, it is reasonable to speculate that a similar neural signature critical for affective empathy could be found in humans and could be used to detect empathy dysfunction in people with psychiatric disorders, including severe social deficits.

Empathy is the ability to perceive and understand the emotions of another person, such as joy, sadness or fear. This is a fundamental function of human social life, and its disruption is seen in countless psychiatric and neurological disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Until now, the exact mechanisms in the brain that underlie empathy have not been identified.

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