Criminology. Methods for studying the causes of crime (the most important)

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Criminology. Methods for studying the causes of crime (the most important)

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19. METHODS FOR STUDYING THE CAUSES OF CRIME

Methods for studying the causes of crime - methods and techniques by which crime is studied for its further prevention.

Methods of study:

1) analysis - decomposition of unity into many, whole - into parts, complex - into components;

2) synthesis - the combination of various phenomena, substances and qualities into a unity, in which opposites are smoothed out or removed;

3) hypothesis - a well-thought-out assumption that deserves verification;

4) induction - the method of movement of knowledge from the individual and particular to the universal and natural;

5) deduction - transition from the general to the particular or from the particular to the general;

6) system - consideration of an object as a system that contains a certain number of interrelated elements;

7) system-structural analysis - using mathematical methods;

8) historical method - the study of crime in the historical context and movement;

9) comparison - comparison of crime in different states, criminals of different sex and age;

10) dynamic и statistical methods;

11) private scientific - surveys in the form of questionnaires and interviews;

12) peer review method - receiving and processing opinions and judgments that are presented on a particular issue;

13) documentary - collection and analysis of data from various kinds of documents;

14) experiment - the study of situations that have changed as a result of changing certain conditions while maintaining others.

Basic study methods:

1) watching - direct perception by the researcher and direct recording of facts that relate to the observed objects;

2) documentary study - the study of documents that contain the necessary information of interest in criminological research. The disadvantage of this method is that the documents are not designed for further research;

3) indirect observation - a survey that has 2 forms:

a) full-time - interview;

b) correspondence - questioning;

4) questioning - conducted anonymously. The questionnaire should contain up to thirty questions, which are arranged in different versions;

5) testing - psychological diagnostics, which uses standardized questions and tasks that have a certain scale of values;

6) sociological dimension - measurement of socio-psychological ties between people;

7) experiment - scientifically delivered experience that determines the characteristics of the functioning of an object in given conditions in order to obtain new information about it;

8) peer review method - used to predict social phenomena;

9) statistical method - research into quantitative and qualitative indicators of crime and the personality of offenders.

10) statistical analysis uses methods:

a) approximations - replacement of some mathematical objects with simpler ones, but close to the original ones;

b) extrapolations - distribution of conclusions obtained from observation of one part of the phenomenon to another part of it.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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