Criminology. The concept of crime and its signs (the most important)

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Criminology. The concept of crime and its signs (the most important)

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17. THE CONCEPT OF CRIME AND ITS SIGNS

Crime is a negative phenomenon. The consequences of criminal activity extend to various spheres of social relations: the economy, industry, ecology, public and state security.

Crime - the phenomenon of a class society is relatively mass, historically changeable, social, having a criminal law nature, consisting of the totality of crimes committed in the corresponding state in a certain period of time.

Crime - a social phenomenon, because its subjects, like the persons whose interests and relationships are being encroached upon, are members of society. Crime is also social because it is based on socio-economic laws, determined by the totality of existing production relations and the nature of production forces. Crime is generated by reasons and conditions that are social in nature.

Crime is most obvious through a mass of crimes, such a sign of crime as compared with a separate crime, such as mass character, is emphasized. As a rule, one speaks of the mass when the number of some phenomena (in this case, crimes) is subject to statistical analysis, in which certain statistical patterns are revealed.

That is why, when it comes to crime simply as a multitude, a mass of crimes, attention is focused on the statistical analysis of data about it, the state, structure and dynamics of crime are studied.

It is not just about the multiplicity of crimes that are not related to each other, but about their complex system.

In criminology, the most common groups of crimes based on:

1) on criminal law characteristics: murders (including intentional and careless), destruction and damage to property (including intentional and careless), etc.;

2) on the signs characterizing the subject of the crime:

a) gender: male and female crime;

b) age: delinquency of minors, youth, persons of mature age;

c) social status: criminality of employees, entrepreneurs, students;

3) on signs reflecting the specifics of the sphere of life in which crimes are committed (political, economic), or a more specific area of activity;

4) proceeding from the analysis of the motives of criminal acts: mercenary, violent, etc.

Crime characteristics include the following:

1) mass character;

2) a quantitative sign (expressed in the state and dynamics of crime);

3) a qualitative sign (characterized by the structure of the crimes committed);

4) intensity (this is a quantitative and qualitative parameter of the criminological situation in a certain territory, indicating the level of crime, its growth rate and the degree of danger);

5) the nature of crime (focuses on the types of crimes), etc.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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