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Nanoparticles change shape

12.03.2011

American chemists have made nanoparticles from a polymer based on lactic acid in the form of pointed spindles 160 nanometers long, which are able to change their shape depending on environmental conditions. So, with an increase in temperature from 25 to 40 degrees Celsius, the spindles turned into egg-shaped structures in 20 minutes.

The shape can also change with a change in the acidity of the medium. Capsules from such a polymer can be filled with various drugs and injected into the body with a syringe. Long pointed capsules circulate more easily in the blood, rounded capsules are more actively absorbed by the cells into which the drug must be delivered.

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Fertility Coal 04.02.2016

Charcoal supplements help retain moisture and nutrients in poor soils.

The fight against the greenhouse effect involves the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and its disposal. To do this, there are different ways, for example, plants use photosynthesis. However, once a plant dies, it begins to decompose, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. This process can be significantly slowed down if the stored carbon is converted into a poorly digestible form - for example, to make furniture or building structures from wood, in which the wood remains for tens or even hundreds of years.

Another option is to burn biomass with a lack of oxygen, then it will turn into coal (and not into the same CO2 as in normal combustion). Slightly rotting waste, such as grain husks, nut shells or corn cobs, is suitable for this, because it is better to make fertilizer from well-rotting ones.

It is precisely such waste that researchers from the Ruhr University in Bochum, led by Dr. Volger Haaring, propose to turn into coal. True, they do not care about German farmers, but about their colleagues from West Africa: the soil there is poor, sandy, there is little water, and there is a lot of waste.

Experiments have shown that the addition of coal to the soil not only makes it possible to remove carbon from circulation for a long time. Coal loosens the soil, accumulates water and adsorbs nutrients, ensuring their uniform release. For arid Africa, such a means of regulating soil moisture is a real find. In the experimental plot, lettuce heads grew much larger. Now Dr. Haaring and his colleagues intend to equip the farmers involved in the project with stoves for making coal from rice husks or corn cobs and thus conduct a large-scale experiment to ascertain the effect of coal on fertility.

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