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Gut bacteria can affect mood

19.02.2019

A study by Belgian scientists has shown that many intestinal bacteria can produce substances that affect nerve cell function and possibly mood.

Previously, several studies in mice have shown that gut microbes can influence animal behavior, and small human studies have shown that microbial composition in the gut changes with depression. To test the strength of the link between the human microbiome and mental health, Jeroen Raes, a microbiologist at KU Leuven (Belgium), and his colleagues studied a large group of people to assess a "normal" microbiome.

A total of 1054 Belgians participated in the study. Some of them - 173 people - were diagnosed with depression or scored poorly on quality of life tests. The team compared the state of the gut flora of participants with depression and the rest of the subjects. It turned out that in people with depression, the level of microbes such as Coprococcus and Dialister remained low in people's microbiomes. It didn't matter if people were taking antidepressants or not. Conversely, participants who claimed to have a high psychological quality of life had high levels of these microbes.

The team then looked at the medical test results of another group, which included 1064 Dutch people. The researchers found that the same two types of bacteria were absent from the microbiomes of those people who were depressed, as well as seven participants suffering from severe clinical depression. Scientists admit that the data do not currently support a causal relationship. Perhaps the effect even works the other way around: it’s not microbes that affect our mood, but our mental health affects the state of the microbiome.

However, in subsequent experiments, the researchers found evidence that microbes can communicate with our nervous system by producing neurotransmitters that are responsible for transmitting electrochemical impulses to nerve cells. Scientists have found, for example, that Coprococcus appears to have a pathway associated with dopamine, a key brain signal that is responsible for feelings of satisfaction.

The discovery could lead to new probiotic treatments for depression that could help increase levels of essential microbes in the human gut. However, many more studies need to be done to confirm that microbial compounds produced in the gut can affect our brain.

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