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Instruction on labor protection for the refrigeration unit operator. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of labor protection regulations in force at the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of labor protection instructions", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 " Standard provision on training on labor protection issues.

1.3. According to this instruction, the driver of refrigeration units (hereinafter referred to as the driver) is instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 3 months (repeated briefing).

The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues". After passing the briefing, the log must contain the signatures of the instructor and the driver.

1.4. The owner must insure the driver against accidents and occupational diseases.

In case of damage to the health of the driver through the fault of the owner, he (the driver) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.

1.5. For non-compliance with this instruction, the driver bears disciplinary, material, administrative and criminal liability.

1.6. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and have no medical contraindications, have undergone special training and have an appropriate certificate, have passed an introductory briefing on labor protection, briefing at the workplace and briefing on fire safety are allowed to work as a refrigeration unit operator.

1.7. The refrigeration unit operator must have an electrical safety group of at least II.

1.8. The refrigeration operator must:

1.8.1. Know the device and rules for the safe operation of the serviced refrigeration unit.

1.8.2. Pass a periodic knowledge test at least once every 12 months with a mark in the certificate.

1.8.3. Know the toxic effect on the human body of gas in the event of its expiration.

1.8.4. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.8.5. Do not allow strangers to your workplace.

1.8.6. Work only on the installation, the device and the rules of safe operation of which he knows and instructed.

1.8.7. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and responsibility for colleagues.

1.8.8. Do not follow instructions that are contrary to the rules of labor protection.

1.8.9. Use overalls and personal protective equipment.

1.8.10. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.8.11. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.9. The main dangerous and harmful production factors that affect the driver:

1.9.1. Electric shock.

1.9.2. Increased noise level, gas contamination of the working area.

1.9.3. Insufficient illumination of the working area.

1.9.4. Toxic effect of gas vapors.

1.10. The driver is given overalls and personal protective equipment: cotton overalls, combined gloves, gas mask.

1.11. At each enterprise, by order of the owner, an employee responsible for the good condition, correct and safe operation of refrigeration machines and installations must be appointed.

1.12. The enterprise must develop and approve by the owner instructions for:

1.12.1. Design and safe operation of refrigeration units.

1.12.2. Operation of the refrigeration system (cooling devices).

1.12.3. Maintenance of instrumentation and automation.

1.12.4. Fire safety.

1.12.5. Labor protection (providing first aid in case of ammonia poisoning, personnel actions to eliminate the breakthrough of ammonia and the occurrence of an emergency, etc.).

1.13. In addition to instructions, the following must be developed and approved by the owner:

1.13.1. Annual and monthly schedules for scheduled preventive maintenance.

1.13.2. Schemes of ammonia, water and other pipelines.

1.13.3. Pointers to the placement of personal protective equipment.

1.13.4. Telephone numbers of the ambulance, fire brigade, electrical network dispatcher, police, head of the compressor shop (home phone).

1.13.5. Phone numbers and addresses of the organization servicing the automated refrigeration unit.

1.14. The documents specified in p.p. 1.12.-1.13, must be located in the engine room and be brought to the attention of each driver (on receipt).

1.15. The compressor shop must have a daily log of the established form.

The magazine must be numbered, laced, approved by the seal of the enterprise, dated and signed by the head of the shop.

1.16. The head of the compressor shop is obliged to monitor the journal on a daily basis, write down orders to the maintenance personnel in it and sign.

1.17. Unauthorized persons are prohibited from entering the machine (hardware) and condenser compartments.

Posters "NO ENTRY!" must be posted in conspicuous places.

1.18. Works not related to the maintenance of the refrigeration unit must be carried out with the issuance of a work permit for work of increased danger.

1.19. Repair work, as well as cleaning of batteries during defrosting, must be carried out under the supervision of the person responsible for the operation of the refrigeration plant or a person replacing him.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Get an assignment from the work manager.

2.2. Put on overalls.

2.3. Together with the shift worker (during shift work), check the condition of instrumentation, protective fencing and grounding, the absence of ammonia leakage and make an appropriate entry in a special log.

3. Safety requirements during the performance of work during the operation of refrigeration units

3.1. Compressors:

3.1.1. Compressor start-up - initial, after a long stop, repair, maintenance, as well as after stopping it when emergency protection devices are triggered, must be done manually with the inlet valve closed.

3.1.2. Before putting the compressor into operation, make sure that all shut-off valves on the discharge pipeline from the compressor to the condenser are open (with the exception of starting the compressor using the built-in bypass, when the compressor discharge valve must be closed and the bypass valve open, if this is provided by the manufacturer's instructions ).

3.1.3. The suction of ammonia vapors by the compressor, bypassing the liquid separator (or the vessel that replaces it) is not allowed.

3.1.4. Ammonia leakage through the compressor seals must be eliminated when it is detected.

It is allowed to open the compressor, dismantle devices, pipelines and fittings only after removing ammonia from them.

Performing these works without an ammonia gas mask with a KD brand filter box and rubber gloves is prohibited.

3.1.5. The remaining ammonia is released from the compressor through a rubber hose, one end of which is put on a special valve located on the compressor, and the other is taken out into a vessel with water (under its level).

3.1.6. To avoid water entering the compressor when removing ammonia, it is necessary to control the pressure in it, preventing it from falling below atmospheric pressure.

3.1.7. The superheat of the ammonia vapor sucked in by the compressor must be at least 5°C (for single-stage and high-pressure stages of two-stage compressors) and 10°C (for the low-pressure stage of two-stage compressors).

This superheat is defined as the difference between the vapor temperature measured with a thermometer upstream of the compressor suction nozzle and the boiling point of ammonia, determined from the suction pressure table for saturated ammonia vapors.

The pressure vacuum gauge (or superheat gauge) for measuring suction pressure must be selected so that the error in determining the boiling point is no more than 5°C.

3.1.8. To measure the temperature of the ammonia vapor discharged by the compressor, the thermometer must be installed in a sleeve on the pipeline at a distance of 200 to 300 mm from the nozzle or shut-off valve of the compressor.

The discharge temperature for modern reciprocating compressors should be no more than 160°C and 90°C for screw compressors (unless the factory instructions provide a different value), and for horizontal low-speed compressors of older brands - 135°C.

3.1.9. Do not inject liquid ammonia into the suction line of a reciprocating compressor.

3.1.10. With a decrease in overheating and a rapid drop in the temperature of ammonia vapor, freezing of the suction pipelines and the appearance of other signs of wet running (in a piston compressor - a muffled knock in the discharge valves and a drop in lubricant pressure; in a screw compressor - a change in noise during operation and a drop in lubricant pressure; in a rotary multi-bladed compressor - changes in noise during operation and an increase in the oil level in the oil separator), measures should be taken to turn off the compressor unit and eliminate the malfunction.

3.1.11. In a refrigeration unit not equipped with protective receivers, before connecting an additional heat load to a running compressor (refrigeration chamber after its repair or defrosting batteries, etc.), reduce the liquid supply to the evaporative system, close the suction shut-off valve at the compressor, and only after connecting additional heat load gradually open the latter.

3.1.12. In winter, during breaks in the operation of the refrigeration unit and the possibility of water freezing, it is necessary to drain it from the cooled cylinder shells and stuffing boxes of compressors, water pumps, closed-type condensers, subcoolers and other devices, as well as from water pipelines, for which drain valves should be provided at the lowest points of the system.

3.1.13. All moving and rotating parts of the equipment must be securely guarded with solid or mesh removable guards.

The nodes and parts of the fence must be securely fastened and have sufficient strength and rigidity.

3.1.14. Access to moving parts is allowed only after a complete stop and the implementation of all measures to prevent their launch by unauthorized persons.

Measurement of the linear clearance in the compressor is carried out only with manual rotation of the shaft.

3.1.15. On compressors and pumps operating in automatic mode, signs must be posted in a conspicuous place: "Caution! Starts automatically!".

3.1.16. Inspection and run-in of ammonia compressors after installation and repair must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.1.17. On operating refrigerators that have pumpless flooded direct cooling systems with power supply to evaporative equipment through liquid separators located above it, it is prohibited to maintain the level of liquid ammonia in them if there is a danger of liquid ejection from the system into the suction line of compressors with an increase in heat load.

If it is not possible to change the specified scheme for supplying liquid to the cooling device, then an additional liquid separator (dry) with a protective receiver must be installed before the compressor.

3.1.18. After repair and maintenance of refrigeration equipment, as well as after a forced shutdown of the compressor, the next shift can start it only after the written permission of the head of the workshop (or the person replacing him), who must personally make sure that the compressor can be started and is safe.

In this case, the start-up of each compressor must be carried out manually after preliminary drainage of the suction and discharge pipelines of the compressor from the possible accumulation of liquid ammonia and oil using drain valves and pipelines.

Before starting a screw compressor, which has a device for manual capacity control, it is necessary to bring the device to the minimum capacity position.

3.2. Devices (vessels):

3.2.1. When sucking ammonia from apparatuses (vessels), it is not allowed to quickly (at a rate of temperature decrease of more than 30 ° C per hour) lower the pressure in them to prevent a decrease in the mechanical strength of their walls due to a sharp decrease in temperature.

3.2.2. It is necessary to systematically remove the ice that forms in winter on irrigation condensers, cooling towers, stairs, platforms for their maintenance.

3.2.3. Mechanical cleaning of the condenser pipes from water scale must be carried out under the supervision of the foreman and only after the condenser is freed from ammonia.

At least once a month, the condenser outlet water must be checked for the presence of ammonia.

3.2.4. Separately located hardware and condenser rooms should be locked with a key, which should be at the duty shift of the refrigeration unit.

3.2.5. When cooling water in shell-and-tube evaporators, the boiling point of ammonia must be at least 2°C.

3.2.6. In cooling systems with an intermediate heat carrier, it is necessary to periodically (at least once a month) check the heat carrier for the presence of ammonia in it.

3.2.7. Oil from the oil separator (in the absence of an automatic bypass to the compressor crankcase) and high and low pressure stage devices must be periodically passed through oil collectors. It should be discharged from the oil collectors at a pressure close to atmospheric - 0,01.0,02 MPa (0,1.0,2 kg/cm2) higher than it after ammonia vapor is sucked out through a device for separating the liquid.

It is forbidden to release oil directly from the apparatus (vessels) of the refrigeration unit.

Pressure gauges must be installed on the oil collectors.

3.2.8. Air and other gases that do not condense must be discharged from the system into a vessel with water through a specially installed apparatus - an air separator.

When using automated continuous air coolers, gases that do not condense must be discharged into running water.

3.2.9. During the shift, the duty service personnel should record in the daily log the main parameters of the operation of the refrigeration unit, comments on the operation of refrigeration equipment and ventilation devices, reasons for stopping compressors and other comments.

The head of the compressor shop is obliged to daily monitor the maintenance of the shift log, write down orders to the maintenance personnel in it and sign.

3.2.10. It is forbidden to use linear receivers (non-standardized) in refrigeration units as protective, drainage or circulation, as well as shell-and-tube evaporators - as condensers (and vice versa) due to a possible discrepancy between the steel grades from which the devices are made.

3.2.11. To improve the cleaning of oil and increase the reliability of the protective level switches, a pipeline of hot ammonia vapors must be connected to the apparatus (vessels) from the low pressure side.

When the apparatuses (vessels) are warmed up and released from liquid ammonia, the pressure in them must not exceed the density test pressure for apparatuses (vessels) in accordance with the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Ammonia Refrigeration Plants.

3.2.12. The compressor unit must be switched off in the following cases:

3.2.12.1. If the pressure in the vessel has risen above the permissible level and does not decrease, despite the measures taken by the personnel.

3.2.12.2. When a malfunction of the safety devices preventing the increase in pressure is detected.

3.2.12.3. When revealing in the vessel and its elements working under pressure, leaks, bulging, rupture of gaskets.

3.2.12.4. If the pressure gauge malfunctions and it is impossible to determine the pressure using other instruments.

3.2.12.5. When the liquid level drops below the permissible level in vessels with fire heating.

3.2.12.6. In case of failure of all liquid level indicators.

3.2.12.7. In the event of a malfunction of the safety interlocks.

3.2.12.8. In the event of a fire that directly endangers a pressure vessel.

3.2.12.9. When ammonia flows out of the system.

3.3. Pipelines and equipment of refrigerating chambers:

3.3.1. During operation, the maximum density of the ammonia system must be maintained to ensure that no ammonia escapes and no air can enter the system. It is allowed to use chemical (Appendix 1) and other special indicators to identify places of ammonia leakage.

3.3.2. All shut-off valves on ammonia gas discharge lines must be sealed in the open position, with the exception of the main compressor shut-off valves.

Shut-off valves on the drain pipes of liquid separators and separation vessels must also be sealed in the open position. All cases of sealing valves and removing seals must be recorded in a shift journal.

3.3.3. To prevent jamming of check valve valves (which do not have a stuffing box check when the handwheel is retracted), do not leave them fully open.

After the valve is fully opened, it is necessary to turn its handwheel back 1/8 of a turn.

3.3.4. On the panel of the control station, near each control valve, there should be an inscription indicating which apparatus or which refrigerated room serves the control valve.

3.3.5. In places where ammonia fittings and pipelines can be damaged by vehicles or cargo, it is mandatory to install metal protective fences.

3.3.6. Tightening of bolts in flanged connections, full or partial replacement of stuffing box packing of shut-off valves (not having a stuffing box check valve) of devices (vessels) must be carried out carefully, first disconnecting this section from the rest of the ammonia system and sucking ammonia from the damaged area.

These operations must be performed in a gas mask and gloves.

3.3.7. In refrigerating chambers, it is prohibited to place loads close to ceiling and wall ammonia batteries, air coolers, as well as on battery pipes and connecting pipelines. It is necessary to adhere to the distances from the batteries to the stack of cargo in accordance with the production instructions, but not less than 0,3 m.

3.3.8. Before defrosting air cooler batteries, it is necessary to free them from liquid ammonia and oil accumulation, which should be drained into the drainage (circulation) receiver, followed by the release of oil from it through the oil sump.

The release of oil directly from batteries and air coolers is prohibited.

Defrosting must be carried out in accordance with the instructions (Appendix No. 2).

3.3.9. In cold rooms that are equipped with direct expansion batteries, defrosting must be carried out regularly, avoiding excessive accumulation of snow and ice, which can cause damage to the batteries and connecting pipes.

3.3.10. Before defrosting the air coolers using the electric heating elements built into them, the air coolers must be freed from liquid ammonia.

Defrost these air coolers in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Appendix 2.

3.3.11. In order to prevent the release of liquid ammonia from the cooling device into the suction line of the compressors ("wet" running of the compressors) with a sharp increase in the heat load, the owner of the enterprise must establish a procedure for notifying the heads of the relevant departments, the duty machinists of the compressor shop about the time of loading products into the refrigeration and storage chambers.

3.3.12. Near the entrance to the refrigeration premises (corridor) there should be a posted instruction on labor protection when working in the refrigerator chambers.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Transfer the shift to the shift worker (during shift work), check the condition of the refrigeration unit, make a note in a special journal.

4.2. In the absence of a shift, do not leave the workplace without the permission of the work manager.

4.3. Put in order overalls, personal protective equipment and put them in the place provided for them.

4.4. Wash hands and face with warm water and soap. Take a shower if possible.

4.5. Report all shortcomings that occurred during work to the supervisor and make an appropriate entry in the journal.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. An emergency situation may arise in the event of: the appearance of a knock in the compressor cylinders, as well as in the cases described in paragraph 3.2.12 of this manual.

5.2. In the event of an emergency release of ammonia (hydraulic shock, pipeline rupture, violation of the tightness of vessels, etc.), you should immediately give a danger signal, make an emergency shutdown of the unit, take measures to evacuate people from the danger zone and prevent unauthorized people from entering it, report that happened, to the work manager and act in accordance with the accident elimination plan.

5.3. If there are casualties, provide them with first aid. If necessary, call an ambulance.

5.4. Providing first aid.

5.4.1. First aid for ammonia poisoning.

In case of poisoning with ammonia vapor, the victim should be taken to fresh air or to a clean, warm room. In case of respiratory arrest immediately apply artificial respiration. It is necessary to release the victim from clothing that makes it difficult to breathe, replace dirty clothing and provide him with complete rest. Carry out inhalation with warm steam, which contains a 1-2% solution of citric acid (from a kettle through a paper tube). Drink strong sweet tea or 3% lactic acid solution. In cases of poisoning, inhale oxygen for 30-45 minutes, warm the victim (cover with heating pads). In case of deep syncope and a possible decrease in pain sensitivity, care should be taken not to cause burns. If there are symptoms of irritation, it is necessary to rinse the nose, throat with a 2% solution of soda or water. Regardless of the condition of the victim, he should be referred to a doctor. In case of suffocation, coughing, the victim should be transported in a supine position.

If ammonia gets into the eyes, rinse them with plenty of clean water. After that, it is necessary to wear dark protective glasses until the examination by a doctor. It is not allowed to bandage the eyes and put a bandage on them.

If ammonia gets on the skin, you must first direct a strong stream of clean water to the affected surface. After that, immerse the injured limb in warm water (35-40°C) for 5-10 minutes or, in case of damage to a large surface of the body, make a general bath. After the bath, dry the skin by applying a well-absorbing towel (do not wipe). Apply an ointment bandage to the damaged area of ​​\uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe skin or lubricate it with Vishnevsky ointment, penicillin ointment. In the absence of an ointment, use butter (unsalted) or sunflower oil.

5.4.2. First aid for electric shock.

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state, the revival must begin immediately, and then call an "ambulance".

5.4.3. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.4.4. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.4.5. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of the skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile dressing and a doctor is called.

5.4.6. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

• raise the injured limb up;
• close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
• in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

5.5. If a fire occurs, start extinguishing with the available fire extinguishing equipment. If necessary, call the fire department.

5.6. Follow all instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

Annex 1. Instructions for the preparation of indicator paper to determine the location of the outflow of ammonia

1. High sensitivity indicator.

Take 0,1 g of phenolrot, place it in a porcelain cup or crystallizer and add 100 ml of rectified alcohol and 20 ml of pure glycerin, stir with a glass rod until completely dissolved.

Filter paper, cut into strips of 10x1,5 cm, is treated with the prepared phenolrot solution and dried in air.

The dried strips are stored in paraffin paper.

2. Medium sensitivity indicator.

Prepare a 1% alcohol solution of phenolphthalein and soak filter paper strips with it.

In the presence of ammonia, the color of the indicator changes to red.

Appendix 2. Typical instructions for thawing a "snow coat" and purging cooling devices with hot ammonia vapor and tubular heaters

Scheme of thawing "snow coat": MS - oil sump; DR - drainage receiver; BT - battery; pipelines: 11 - liquid ammonia; 11 g - gaseous ammonia; 11 o - thawing; 14 - oil; 11 d - drainage.

1. Loads located under the batteries must be covered with a tarpaulin in advance to prevent snow from falling on them.

2. Close valves 2 and 3, thus blocking the supply of liquid ammonia and the suction of ammonia vapors from the cooling devices of the chamber.

3. Connect the drain receiver to the suction pipeline by opening valve 5 and reducing the pressure in the receiver to the suction pressure, then close the valve.

Open the valve carefully because of the possible presence of liquid ammonia in the receiver.

4. Open valve 7 and drain liquid ammonia from the cooling devices of the chamber into the drainage receiver.

If it is not possible to drain liquid ammonia from the cooling devices into the receiver by gravity, then it is necessary to open valve 1 and squeeze liquid ammonia into the receiver. Then close valve 1 and, carefully opening valve 5, suck out ammonia vapor from the receiver, thereby reducing the pressure in the receiver to suction pressure.

After the pressure in the receiver is reduced, valve 5 is closed.

5. Disconnect the receiver from the cooling devices by closing valve 7 (in the absence of a high-pressure float regulator).

6. Supply hot ammonia vapor to the cooling devices of the chamber freed from liquid ammonia by opening valve 1.

7. In the absence of a high-pressure float regulator, it is necessary to periodically open valve 7 during the defrosting process to remove condensate from the battery.

8. After thawing the "snow coat" from the cooling units, close valve 1 on the hot ammonia line and open valve 2 on the suction line and valve 3 on the liquid line.

9. Drain the oil from the receiver into the oil sump by opening valves 8 and 9 of the oil sump tank of the receiver and the oil sump.

After draining the oil, close valves 8 and 9 and, in order to reduce the pressure in the oil sump, open valve 10. Having reduced the pressure in the oil sump to the suction pressure at atmospheric level (determined by a vacuum gauge), close valve 10 and, opening valve 11, clean out the oil.

10. Transfer liquid ammonia from the receiver to the evaporation system by opening valves 4 and 6, as well as the control valve of the control station.

11. After the receiver is freed from liquid ammonia, close valves 4 and 6.

12. Reduce the pressure in the receiver to the boiling pressure by opening valve 5.

When the boiling pressure is reached, close valve 5.

13. After completing the purge operation, switch all valves to the operating position in accordance with their purpose.

14. Defrosting of air coolers with ammonia steam should be carried out in the same way as defrosting batteries in accordance with the instructions above.

15. To speed up the thawing process of the batteries and prevent the complete transformation of snow into water, the cooling surface should be swept over. Do not hit the batteries while doing this.

Appendix 3. The procedure for thawing a "snow coat" from air coolers equipped with tubular electric heaters

1. When thawing a "snow coat" with tubular electric heaters, it is necessary to perform the work provided for in paragraphs. 2, 3, 4, 5.

2. Switch off the fan motors.

3. Turn on tubular electric heaters.

4. In the absence of a high-pressure float regulator, it is necessary to periodically open the valve during the defrosting process to remove condensate from the air cooler, preventing the pressure from rising above 1 MPa (10 kg/cm2).

5. If the scheme provides for the supply of hot ammonia vapor to the air coolers, it is necessary to blow hot steam every 3-4 defrosting to remove oil from the air cooler.

6. In a circuit with a lower supply (or no self-draining) of liquid in the air cooler, before turning on the tubular electric heaters for defrosting, it is necessary to blow the air cooler with hot steam in order to free it from the liquid.

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Random news from the Archive Oblivion molecule 17.11.2017 If you can't seem to forget something, it's possible that your brain simply lacks the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Researchers from Cambridge, the University of Utah and the University of Granada set up the following neuropsychological experiment: young people were asked to play a simple game - watch the color of the figures appear on the screen and press the right or left button on a special remote control, depending on the color of the figure. At first, the participants in the experiment pressed and pressed the buttons until it became a completely automatic action for them. Then the rules changed: if a person suddenly heard a sound at the same time as the picture, he should not have pressed anything. Now it became more difficult to complete the task, and some, having heard the beep, did not have time to slow down their fingers and still pressed the button - as they had done so many times. Some, on the contrary, managed to quickly learn the new rules, so that they reacted to the sound correctly. Obviously, here it was necessary to forget that when a figure appeared on the screen, it was necessary to press a button, and, as it turned out, those who had a lot of gamma-aminobutyric acid in their hippocampus did it the fastest. The participants in the experiment, of course, made every effort to forget about the unnecessary action, but, again, only those who had a lot of GABA in the hippocampus were good at forgetting. Hippocampal activity was monitored using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). But it is impossible to find out about this or that substance through fMRI - tomography just shows how different brain zones work. However, the authors of the work, together with fMRI, used a variation of the nuclear magnetic resonance method, which helped to estimate the amount of GABA directly in the living human brain. The hippocampus is considered one of the main centers of memory, and in it, like in all other brain centers, there are inhibitory neurons, the task of which is to turn off the activity of various nerve chains. Inhibitory neurons use GABA to transmit signals, so it’s understandable why some people couldn’t forget to always press the button: inhibitory neurons, due to the lack of their neurotransmitter, could not silence those neural circuits that remembered the initial conditions tasks. For a healthy psyche, it is important not only to be able to remember, but also to be able to forget. The restructuring of memory is necessary for learning - we already wrote once that in order to remember something, you need to forget something. Moreover, it is believed that many mental disorders, up to schizophrenia, are associated, among other things, with the fact that the brain remembers too much. From unnecessary information, obsessive thoughts appear, which can cause constant anxiety, depression, hallucinations, etc.; in fact, studies of the brains of patients with schizophrenia have shown that during their lifetime they had problems with the inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus. And the idea of ​​a drug that would act on such neurons, helping us to forget, in the light of new results, looks not only relevant, but also quite real.

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