Umformer and vibration rectifier. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Umformer and vibration rectifier. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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If now it is not difficult to rectify alternating current or convert direct current - we have a huge selection of semiconductor diodes, thyristors and transistors for almost any voltage and current, then at the end of the century before last and the beginning of the last century it was a big problem. For power electrical engineering, the obvious solution came after the invention of the self-excited dynamo and the AC motor. By connecting their shafts together, we got an umformer - a current converter.

Single-armor umformers were also produced, in which two windings were placed in the same grooves of the stator and rotor. In appearance, the umformer is almost indistinguishable from a conventional electric motor, except that the shaft is not necessarily brought out. Umformers converted DC to DC, AC to DC, and vice versa, i.e. any combination of input and output voltages and types of current was possible. Where significant power was involved, umformers (electric machine converters) were indispensable.

To rectify a small current, another device was invented - a vibration rectifier. It was an elastic plate-anchor, fixed at one end. At the other end, contacts were placed on both sides of the plate. When the plate vibrates, they alternately close with the anchor. To excite oscillations, an electromagnet was placed near the armature. The extreme terminals of the secondary winding of the power transformer were connected to the contacts, and a full-wave rectified voltage was removed from the middle terminal and armature. The exciting electromagnet was connected to a separate winding of the transformer.

On the basis of such devices, a direct-to-dc vibration converter was later developed. Two pairs of contacts were placed on the armature, one of which switched the current in the push-pull primary winding of the transformer, and the second rectified the voltage of the secondary winding. The current in the excitation winding was interrupted by another pair of contacts. Vibration transducers had many disadvantages (vibration, squeak or buzz during operation, short service life), these old devices have now been completely replaced by semiconductor transducers.

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