History of Economic Thought. Economic ideas of G. V. Plekhanov (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic ideas of G. V. Plekhanov (the most important)

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65. ECONOMIC IDEAS OF G. V. PLEKHANOV

The formation of Marxism as a trend in Russian economic thought was associated with the translation into Russian of the works K. Marx и F. Engels, as well as the works of the largest representatives of the English school of political economy and with the dissemination of their ideas in Russian scientific circles and among practical economists.

The first Russian Marxist who played an exceptionally important role in the development of the Marxist trend in Russia was Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov (1756-1918). His views are reflected in his works “Socialism and political struggle”, “Our differences”, etc..

Plekhanov came to the conclusion, that extreme opposition between Russia and the West is unjustified and attention should not be focused only on the peculiarities of the historical and economic development of the Russian state, since passion for specifics prevents us from seeing patterns common to all countries.

So he went on to say that Russian history - this is a continuous struggle of statehood with autonomous aspirations and personality. He believed that if in Western Europe the main driving force of development is class struggle, then in Russia she brake on historical progress, since Russia, by the nature of its state structure, is an eastern despotism and follows the Asian type of evolution.

В 1880s Plekhanov, analyzing a large statistical material of the facts of the economic life of Russia, came to the conclusion that capitalism is already developing in the country, that the fact of the destruction of the community is real, and the Narodniks’ hopes for the community as a means of escaping the capitalist structure are thus untenable.

He believed that the internal, fundamental reason for the destruction of the community is the development of a commodity economy.

Plekhanov described the stages of the transformation of a natural economy into a commodity economy, showed the process of the emergence of classes in capitalist society - capitalists and wage workers, and opposed the then widespread theory of the classlessness of Russian society.

Plekhanov studied the position of workers in Russia and their role in socio-economic life. He claimed that proletariat represents the most powerful force in the historical development of the country.

Simultaneously Plekhanov he denied the revolutionary potential of the peasantry, spoke of its reactionary nature and did not identify the peasants engaged in outdoor activities with the workers.

The pinnacle of all previous foreign economic thought, he considered the works D. Ricardo. Plekhanov praised his methodology and praised his theory of value.

G. V. Plekhanov claimed that cost is determined not by the natural properties of the thing, but by the labor expended on production.

surplus value he understood as the difference between the newly created value and the wages of the worker. But he criticized Ricardo for his ahistorical approach to economic phenomena, disagreeing that capitalism - this is the eternal order, capital is all the means of production.

Plekhanov developed market problem, arguing that capitalism creates its own market. He was also interested in the problem of economic crises of overproduction.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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