History of Economic Thought. V. I. Tatishchev and the creation of the Russian school (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. V. I. Tatishchev and the creation of the Russian school (the most important)

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18. V. I. TATISCHEV AND THE CREATION OF THE RUSSIAN SCHOOL

V. I. Tatishchev (1686-1750) - Russian historian, economist, geographer, belonged to an ancient noble family. In developing the problems of the state economy Tatischev was the forerunner Lomonosov, he is credited with creating the foundations of the Russian school in the history of economic thought.

Tatischev appeared in the history of economic thought as rationalist, who connected the economic process with the development of social consciousness. At the same time, he initially considered the state to be a problem for economic development.

The formation of the Russian school in economic thought by Tatishchev was influenced by:

1) recognition of the most important postulates such as the paramount importance of domestic industry, the development of domestic trade, the prevention of the dominance of foreign merchants in domestic markets, the development of agriculture, the creation of conditions for the economic independence of the country and the strengthening of its authority in foreign relations;

2) previous achievements of Russian economic thought (Ordina-Nashchokina, Pososhkova, Peter I);

3) economic thought and national economies of European countries, which he was able to get acquainted with during his visit to Europe.

Faithful to the traditions of the Russian school, Tatischev focused on raw materials countries, on the need for the rational use of local raw materials and the organization of their processing.

Tatischev He paid the main attention to the development of industrial production, especially the development of the mining industry in the Urals.

Progressiveness views Tatishcheva manifested itself in caring for the implementation new technical achievements, in the understanding that each machine can replace hundreds of workers. He considered large industry to be the economic support of the state.

Tatischev advocated commodity balance systems. To do this, he intended to export domestically produced products abroad. At the same time, within the country he considered it necessary to prohibit merchants from retail trade, and to allow only large-scale wholesale sales of goods from Iran and Western European countries. For the successful development of trade, he proposed to free merchants from military quarters, to stop the arbitrariness of local authorities oppressing merchants, and considered it necessary to protect small and medium-sized merchants from large ones.

Peasantry he considered unable to effectively manage the economy without the help and guidance of the landowners. Peasants who could not provide the landowner with high incomes were offered to be given as laborers to more efficient owners.

Money and money circulation considered important for the development of trade and the economy of the country. To expand the commodity economy Tatischev proposed to raise the value of the silver ruble by increasing the weight content of the metal and increasing its fineness. Paper money, their advantages and virtues were not understood Tatishchev, he was alarmed by the abuses in bill circulation that took place in the country.

Credit for merchants was also in the spotlight Tatishcheva. He advocated the creation of more favorable conditions for the commercial and industrial activities of merchants, artisans and peasants.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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