History of Economic Thought. Western European Utopian Socialism (most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Western European Utopian Socialism (most important)

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42. WESTERN EUROPEAN UTOPIAN SOCIALISM

Ideas of social reconstruction as a vision of a better, just society, exist in any society among classes whose position does not suit their representatives, but they reach a special number of adherents in times of economic trouble and crises.

France at the beginning of the 19th century. represented an ideal ground for the spread of socialist theories.

1. ancestor - Claude Henri Saint-Simon (1760-1825). In 1823-1824. he writes the main work - "Catechism of Industrialists (Industrialists)". He is working on the question of what an industrialist is.

Industrialk is a person who works to produce or deliver to different members of society one or more material goods that satisfy their needs or physical needs (manufacturers, merchants, cabmen, sailors of the merchant fleet).

The industrial class must take first place, since it is the most important and can do without the other classes. But no one can do without him, since he exists by his own strength and his own labor (the working owner).

Saint-Simon He believed that industrialists should manage the state, and they would successfully cope with this, because they were most interested in saving state income, in limiting arbitrariness. They are the best administrators, as evidenced by the success of their private ventures.

Industrial Mode there is a regime that can give people the greatest measure of general and individual freedom.

The transition to a new society of industrialists and industrialists, which will replace capitalism, must take place peacefully through the reform of the monetary system by the bankers. At Saint Simon there is no doubt that capitalism is not the last system in economic history and that a new social order will come to replace it.

2. The second "great utopian" of France was Fourier (1777-1837). In 1829 BC his work was published, in which the provisions of the future society were outlined - "The New Economic and Societary World" (1829).

The history of mankind goes through three periods:

1) the period preceding production activity (primitive society, which is characterized by savagery and inactivity);

2) fragmented, deceitful, repulsive production:

a) patriarchy (small production);

b) barbarism (average production);

c) civilization (large-scale production);

3) societal, truthful, attractive production:

a) harmonism (semi-association);

b) socialism (simple association);

c) harmonism (complex association).

Capitalism will be replaced by a new system, and this third system at the highest point of development will be called harmony.

Basis new system will phalanx - a semblance of a community, a labor association with a greater share of agriculture. In this phalanx there is a universality of labor. In order for communities to exist, funds are needed. Fourier proposes to create an association of shareholders. They can buy their shares or earn money through labor.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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