History of Economic Thought. Economic merits of L. V. Kantorovich (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic merits of L. V. Kantorovich (the most important)

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81. ECONOMIC MERITS OF L. V. KANTOROVICH

Leonid Kantorovich (1912-1985) was born in St. Petersburg in the family of a doctor, was a child prodigy. He graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics of Leningrad State University several years ahead of schedule (at the age of 18) and received the title of professor four years later. Since 1938 interests L. V. Kantorovich were inextricably linked with economic research and the solution of economic problems. His largest discovery is the introduction to mathematical and economic sciences of the concept "linear programming" (1939). For the development of this method Kantorovich - the only one of the Soviet economists - was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1975 BC

Linear programming is a universal mathematical model of the optimal functioning of economic systems. main merit L. V. Kantorovich is to develop a unified approach to a wide range of economic problems on the best use of resources based on linear programming.

They were introduced "dual estimates" resources (self L. V. Kantorovich called them objectively determined estimates), showing the degree of value of these resources for society. Dual estimates have received a variety of interpretations depending on the range of problems under consideration in the works of L. V. Kantorovich, his followers in the USSR and Western scientists (who independently discovered linear programming in the mid-1940s).

If the so-called shadow prices for resources are the most popular in Western literature, then the favorite brainchild of L. V. Kantorovich became based on dual estimates differential rent theory. Rent valuations make it possible to measure the cost of using natural resources, in particular land, water, air, etc. This idea was far ahead of its time, anticipating modern research on economic and environmental problems. Myself L. V. Kantorovich considered the theory he created as having the most important practical significance for the planned socialist economy, the scientific basis for the entire system of national economic accounts.

In this regard, since 1939, he completely switched to economic research and, in 1942 BC finishes his main work "Economic calculation of the best use of resources". In a very short period of time L. V. Kantorovich managed to build a branched economic theory based on linear programming, as well as to develop foundations of mathematical theory. But Kantorovich continued the development of both particular problems and general questions of the application of the mathematical method in economics. Of the particular tasks, first of all, it is necessary to single out the transport task.

Then Kantorovich moved on to the study of optimization problems at the level of the national economy. In fact, the scientist suggested a new system of changes in the economy, based on taking into account limited resources, although he did not explicitly deny the need to build a price based on value.

Its odds is the objectively significant price of each factor of production in relation to the conditions of a fully competitive market.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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