History of Economic Thought. Economic thoughts of A. N. Radishchev (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic thoughts of A. N. Radishchev (the most important)

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34. ECONOMIC THOUGHTS OF A. N. RADISCHEV

Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev (1749-1802) was the first in Russian literature to give a systematic and comprehensive criticism of the economic foundations of serfdom. Revolutionary Radishcheva, the democracy of his views was expressed both in the method of solving the main problem - the elimination of serfdom and autocracy through a popular revolution, and in the forms of economic transformation of society proposed by him in the interests of the people.

Radishchev was one of the first Russian economists who turned to production analysis. He proceeded from the idea of labor as a source of social wealth and constantly linked the problem of labor productivity with its social form.

The main question of all the works of Radishchev was the question of the need to abolish serfdom. Analyzing serf production, Radishchev saw the economic harm from the enslavement of man by man primarily in the low productivity of serfs. The peasants were deprived of interest in their labor in the manor's field. Neither the main means of labor (land) nor the products of labor belonged to the serf.

Radishchev believed that the poverty of the country comes from the fact that the land is seized by the landowners and agriculture is not in the interests of the people. According to Radishcheva, only the farmer, the peasant should have ownership of the land. He thought the right to property is the most important right of a citizen - a public person.

Radishchev recognized the need for freedom of internal trade. He wrote that trade does not tolerate any barriers and spontaneously, like a water flow, bypassing all legalizations and prohibitions, will make its way, once production has already become commercial.

Foreign trade Radishchev, like many of his contemporaries, did not consider it an important source of state wealth. Even for Siberia, the main occupation of whose inhabitants was hunting fur-bearing animals and where the welfare of fur traders depended on the sale of hunting products, Radishchev did not consider foreign trade to be the basis of economic prosperity.

Radishchev considered money is primarily a means of exchange, eliminating the inconvenience of barter trade. For the first time in the history of world economic science, he gave a clear definition of paper and showed their fundamental difference from metallic money. He believed that paper money and small change perform their functions in circulation as signs of gold, its representatives. Therefore, the excessive issue of paper money leads to a disorder in the circulation of money, to a general rise in prices.

According to Radishchev, the problem of taxes is one of the central problems of economic policy. He believed that only on the basis of a thorough study of the state of production in individual regions of the country, it was possible to establish a firm position on taxes that would not burden the people, but would contribute to the further economic development of the country. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the people know well how much someone should pay in order to be able to better protect their interests and resist illegal extortions and harassment.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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