History of Economic Thought. Economic reforms of Peter I (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic reforms of Peter I (the most important)

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17. ECONOMIC REFORM OF PETER I

In the Petrine era The Russian economy, and above all industry, has made a giant leap forward. Politics Peter I (1682-1725) in relation to economic life was characterized by a high degree of application command and protectionist methods.

In agriculture opportunities for improvement were drawn from the further development of fertile lands, the cultivation of industrial crops that provided raw materials for industry, the development of animal husbandry, the advancement of agriculture to the east and south, as well as the more intensive exploitation of the peasants.

In the Petrine era, there is a sharp delimitation of the country into two zones of feudal economy - the lean north, where the feudal lords transferred their peasants to rent, often letting them go to the city and other agricultural areas to earn money, and the fertile south, where landowning nobles sought to expand the corvée.

Also intensified state duties of peasants. With their efforts, cities were built (40 thousand peasants worked on the construction of St. Petersburg), manufactories, bridges, roads; annual recruitment drives were carried out, old levies were increased and new ones were introduced.

In industry, there was a sharp reorientation from small peasant and handicraft farms to manufactories. When Petre at least 200 new manufactories were founded, he strongly encouraged their creation. State policy was also aimed at protecting the young Russian industry from competition from Western Europe by imposing very high customs duties. (Customs Charter 1724).

Protectionist policy of Peter led to the emergence of manufactories in various industries, often appearing in Russia for the first time.

The main were the ones that worked for the army and navy: metallurgical, weapons, shipbuilding, cloth, linen, leather, etc.

Entrepreneurship was encouraged, preferential conditions were created for people who opened new manufactories or rented state ones.

By the end of the reign Petra in Russia there was a developed diversified industry with centers in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and the Urals.

largest enterprises were: Admiralty shipyards, Arsenal, St. Petersburg powder factories, metallurgical plants of the Urals, boorish yard in Moscow. There was a strengthening of the all-Russian market, the accumulation of capital thanks to the mercantilist policy of the state. Russia supplied competitive goods to world markets: iron, linen, yuft, potash, furs, caviar.

Thousands of Russians were trained in Europe in various specialties, and, in turn, foreigners - weapons engineers, metallurgists, locksmiths - were hired into the Russian service. Thanks to this, Russia was enriched with the most advanced technologies in Europe.

As a result of Peter's policy in the economic field in an ultra-short period of time a powerful industry was created, capable of fully meeting military and state needs and not dependent on imports in any way.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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