History of Economic Thought. Development of economic thought in Russia (second half of the 19th

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History of Economic Thought. Development of economic thought in Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries) (most important)

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61. DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT IN RUSSIA (SECOND HALF XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES)

The development of economic views in Russia took place under the influence of practice in close connection with the general movement of science in other countries.

The works and developments of famous Russian scientists are, as a rule, original; many conclusions and justifications have not only national, but also wider significance.

Features of the development of economic thought in Russia:

1) organic connection of theoretical analysis with current, very pressing problems development of productive forces, reform of socio-economic relations. This is reflected in the works of the following Russian scientists and economists:

a) Ivan Tikhonovich Pososhkov (original work "The Book of Poverty and Wealth");

b) Pavel Ivanovich Pestel (1793-1826) (program of revolutionary transformations);

at) Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (1828-1889) ("The Theory of the Political Economy of the Working People and the Works of the Bourgeois Liberals")

d) Ivan Vasilyevich Vernadsky (1821-1884);

d) Alexander Ivanovich Chuprov (1842-1908);

f) theorists of the social direction: Nikolai Ivanovich Sieber (1844-1888), Mikhail Ivanovich Tugan-Baranovsky (1865-1919) (the book "Socialism as a positive doctrine");

2) for a long time, the peasant question remained in the focus of attention of Russian economists, problem of agrarian reforms. Discussions were about the problems of communal land ownership, about increasing the efficiency of agricultural labor, about ways to involve the village in the system of market relations. The approaches of scientists to these issues were different. Economists addressing these issues included:

a) Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky (1772-1839);

b) Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev (1749-1802);

at) Peter Arkadyevich Stolypin (1862-1911) .

Not only professional economists, but also representatives of other fields of knowledge, publicists, and practitioners actively participated in the promotion and substantiation of original ideas:

1) with plans for economic reforms, implementation monetary reform were:

a) statesman M. M. Speransky;

b) Sergei Yulievich Witte (1849-1915) - Minister of Finance, author of theoretical works. He was the initiator and conductor of innovations in economic policy, the transfer of the ruble to the "gold" basis, the introduction of a wine monopoly;

2) wrote about the inevitable necessity and complete naturalness of past and future gradual changes in industry and agriculture, in other types of economic life and management in "Treasured Thoughts"

Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907);

3) many revolutionary figures were not professionals in the field of economics, for example, an encyclopedist and researcher of social relations in the countryside, the peculiarities of the development of the peasant community, the first Russian Marxist Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov (1856-1918). Representatives of the historical school played a certain role in the formation of Russian economic thought, including the authors of studies and works on the history of economic doctrines - V. V. Svyatlovsky (1869-1927), A. I. Chuprov, M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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