History of Economic Thought. Nobel Prize Winners in Economics (Highlights)

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History of Economic Thought. Nobel Prize Winners in Economics (Highlights)

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90. NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN ECONOMICS

At the beginning of the XX century. The Swedish National Bank established a special commemorative plaque for the Swedish Academy of Sciences Alfred Nobel Prize and laid the foundation for a worldwide tradition - to annually evaluate the achievements of the best scientists as the pinnacle of modern scientific knowledge and achievements. AT 1968 BC established the Nobel Prize in Economics, and 1969 BC began its direct award.

The first winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics became two economists-mathematicians - a Dutchman Jan Tinbergen and Norwegian Ragnar Frisch - for the development of mathematical methods for the analysis of economic processes. Over the next 30 years, more than 40 scientists have been awarded worldwide recognition for their services to humanity. Among scientists-economists, this award was received by L. V. Kantorovich, Simon Kuznets and Vasily Leontiev.

Paul Anthony Samuelson (1915) - American economist, Nobel laureate in economics 1970 BC, professor at the University of Massachusetts, president of the Economic Society (1951), American Economic Association, International Economic Association (1965-1968), White House economic adviser (1961-1968), member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

His famous textbook "Economics" appeared in 1948 BC, went through 13 editions and became essentially an economics textbook.

The uniqueness of the book "Economics" is that it includes the best achievements of modern economic thought of the socio-institutional and neoclassical directions. Consistency and analyticity of presentation, illustration of key provisions of economic theory using mathematics, and the use of a historical and economic approach have made the textbook one of the most popular in the world.

Vasily Vasilievich Leontiev (1906-1999) - one of the leading American economists of Russian origin, director of the US National Bureau of Economic Research (1948), president of the American Economic Association, Nobel Prize laureate in economics (1973).

In 1973 for the development predictive economic analysis method "input-output" he was awarded the title of Nobel Prize laureate in economics. "Input-output analysis" (input-industry balance) created Leontiev in the 30-40s, was one of the most important achievements of economic science in the XNUMXth century.

Leontiev for the first time he gave a static content to the input-output balance model, created methods for mathematical processing of this material and applied the results for empirical analysis and forecasting of specific economic processes and values.

Milton Friedman (b. 1912) ) - American economist, professor at the University of Chicago, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics 1976 BC, awarded for research in the field of consumption, history and theory of money. In modern economic theory M. Friedman known as the leader of the Chicago Monetary School and the main opponent of the Keynesian concept of state regulation of the economy.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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