History of Economic Thought. The emergence of the merchant economic school in Russia (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. The emergence of the merchant economic school in Russia (the most important)

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19. THE ORIGIN OF THE MERCHANT ECONOMIC SCHOOL IN RUSSIA

The development of the Russian economy in the second half XVIII century. expressed in the growing role social division of labor, expansion of commodity-money relations. Some merchants began to switch to industrial entrepreneurship. The number of manufactories based on wage labor increased.

The growth of market relations in the context of the preservation of serfdom posed old questions to economists and raised new ones. The complex of these questions in its content was more complicated than those that were characteristic of the previous period. The Free Economic Society (founded by decree of Catherine II in 1765) called this time economic age.

P. I. Rynkov (1712-1777) - Russian historian, economist. By recommendation M. V. Lomonosov he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences, was a member of the Free Economic Society. Wrote a number essays: “The history of Orenburg on the establishment of the Orenburg province”, “Topography of Orenburg, i.e. a detailed description of the Orenburg province”, “Correspondence between two friends about commerce” and others, in which he expressed his basic economic thoughts.

To strengthen the power of Russia, proposed to develop manufactures, foreign trade, maintain a trade surplus, ban export of raw materials and semi-finished products, increasing the export of high quality finished products, develop credit activities. For the accelerated development of agriculture, he considered it necessary concern for improving the situation of peasants. For this purpose, he proposed limit their use within reasonable limits, to establish three corvée days a week, three days of work for oneself, and Sunday as a day off.

Rynkov was a supporter state regulation of the economy, the creation of a guild system for organizing crafts, the formation of merchant companies.

Markets was the first Russian author to give an outline of the history of commerce and a brief description of the development of Russian commerce. He showed how the market developed on the basis of the growth of the social division of labor.

M. D. Chulkov (1743-1793) - Russian writer, historian, ethnographer, economist. Published a satirical magazine "And this and that" and others. He held approximately the same views on the development of Russia as Markets.

Unlike Rychkova argued that inside the country, commercial and industrial entrepreneurs should work without state regulations, freely, on their own initiative. Posted by "Economic Notes", "Historical Description of Russian Commerce" (published from 1781 to 1788).

This huge work contains original documents, reasoning, descriptions, statements of decrees, information about plants, factories, manufactories, water and "land" routes of communication, foreign and domestic trade, coins, etc.

Chulkov was the voice of the Russian merchant class, to whose works he devoted his compositions. His attitude to the role of industry in foreign trade was traditional for the Russian school. In his opinion, foreign trade should be under close government supervision. He recognized the great importance of foreign trade for replenishing government revenues.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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