History of Economic Thought. "Russian Truth" (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. "Russian Truth" (the most important)

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12. "RUSSIAN TRUTH"

Russian Truth was the first Russian written source that has come down to us customary law. Her various lists are known.

Several editions of this monument have come down to us: the most famous are - short and lengthy. The short edition constitutes the original authentic package of Pravda (Yaroslav's truth). This Truth was based on customs of the Slavic tribesadapted to the conditions of feudal relations. The lengthy edition is nothing more than the Pravda of Yaroslav, modified and supplemented by subsequent princes, which received the name Pravda Yaroslavich. Both of these editions bear the common name Court of Yaroslav Vladimirovich.

The last edition of the lengthy Truth falls on the great reign Vladimir Monomakh (1113-1125) and his son Mstislav the Great (1125-1132). At this time, the socio-economic development of the country reached a high level, but the state was already on the verge of feudal fragmentation. The main branches of law are reflected in Russian Pravda.

feudal property becomes on the ground differentiated, since it belongs to several feudal lords standing at different levels of the feudal ladder. The lands received for serving the prince were assigned to the boyars and servants and became hereditary. And these lands began to be called fiefdoms.

The lands that were given in conditional possession for service and under the condition of service were called estates. The princes became large land owners. The growth of exploitation of the dependent population became the reason for the first class uprisings against the feudal lords.

In Russkaya Pravda there are no decrees on determining the methods of acquiring, the volume and procedure for transferring land property rights, with the exception of the estate, but there are punitive decrees on violating the boundaries of land ownership.

The land was the collective property of the community. The Russian community was made up of residents of villages or villages, who jointly owned the land belonging to the village.

Law of Obligations. Civil obligations were allowed only between free persons and arose either from a contract or from a tort (offence).

Of contractual obligations sale, loan, hire and luggage are mentioned.

For a legal purchase, it was required to purchase a thing for money from its owner, and make a contract in the presence of 2 free witnesses.

The Loan Ordinances distinguish between interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing loans.

Loan with interest, exceeding 3 hryvnia, required witnesses to certify the contract in the event of a dispute. In loans up to 3 hryvnia, the defendant cleared himself with an oath.

Inheritance, called the remainder in Russian Pravda, was opened at the time of the death of the father of the family and passed to the heirs either by will or by law. The father had the right to divide his estate among his children and allocate a part of it to his wife at his discretion. The mother could transfer her property to any of her sons whom she recognized as the most worthy.

Court and process. According to the Russian Truth, the court in all worldly matters was concentrated in the hands of the prince as the supreme legislator, ruler and judge. The prince administered justice personally or entrusted this matter to the governor.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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