History of Economic Thought. John Keynes. Intellectual biography (most important)

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History of Economic Thought. John Keynes. Intellectual biography (most important)

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70. JOHN KEYNS. INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY

John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) was born in Cambridge. After graduating from the university, in 1908 he became a professor at the Department of Political Economy.

Keynes was chairman of a large insurance company, manager of an investment company, owner of the Nation weekly. For many years (1911-1945) he was the editor of the most important theoretical body of English economists, the Economic Journal.

Theoretical studies Keynes were closely associated with his public service and political activities. Immediately after graduation Keynes He worked for two years at the Ministry of Finance in the Department of Indian Affairs. This activity of his did not go unnoticed. 1913 BC he publishes his first major economic work "Indian monetary system and finance".

During the First World War Keynes becomes an economic adviser at the Ministry of Finance. As a representative of this ministry, he takes part in the Paris Peace Conference, where the Treaty of Versailles was signed. While Keynes strongly criticized this treaty. He saw in him a threat to the post-war development of capitalism in Europe and, in protest, even resigned as an adviser to the British delegation. His thoughts on the Treaty of Versailles and the post-war development of Europe Keynes writes in two articles that brought him great fame: "Economic Consequences of the Treaty of Versailles" and "Revision of the Peace Treaty" (1919).

В 1920s Keynes more and more attention is paid to the problems money circulation, developing the idea of replacing the gold standard with a regulated currency ("Treatise on monetary reform", 1923).

In November 1926 BC, when the crash on the New York Stock Exchange had already heralded the beginning of the global economic crisis, he became a member of the British government's Committee on Finance and Industry. Just at this time his solid two-volume work was published "Treatise on Money" (1930), which summarized his views on the functioning of the monetary system of capitalism.

With the outbreak of World War II, with great influence and authority, Keynes becomes an adviser to the Treasury, as well as one of the directors of the Bank of England. During this period, he pays attention to a number of cardinal practical problems of British imperialism: military finance - at the beginning of the war and social security and employment - at the end of it. However, the most important during this period was his role in developing the post-war foundations of international monetary relations, which were fixed Bretton Woods Conference (1944) and led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

So the biography John M. Keynes largely determined by practical and political activities. It was she who played the most important role in the reassessment of values \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthat he produced with his work. "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money".

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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