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44. NEW HISTORICAL SCHOOL OF GERMANY
After merging Germany в 1871 BC there new historical school. If the old historical school fought against the classics, then the new school fights against Marxism.
General characteristics of the school:
1) there are no certain historical laws. There are no traditions, customs in the economy and repeated connections.
L. Brentano believes that there is no law by which you can determine the salary. It will be different in different places.
G. Schmoller says that in an attempt to find the law of pricing in German conditions, you will stumble upon baronial anti-Semitism, which makes German barons overpay for goods, but not buy them in Jewish shops;
2) an attempt to find local features of development. The new historical school has two directions. In 1872 BC was created in Germany "Union of Social Policy".
The main task and prerequisites were formulated Gustav Schmoller (1838-1917): the dissension that has penetrated the social system, separating the entrepreneurs from the workers, the propertied classes from the have-nots, may turn into a sharp class struggle. The task is to reform the system.
1. Right wing is presented Schmoller. The power of the state and its intervention in social and economic life must be exercised by a wise and firm government.
The right wing program was called katedr-socialism.
Its main provisions:
1) state regulation of the labor of children and women;
2) state insurance of workers;
3) payment of pensions through deductions from wages;
4) compulsory primary education;
5) formation of workers' cooperatives (housing and consumer cooperatives);
6) conflicts between workers and capitalists must be resolved by third parties appointed by the state;
7) Schmoller offers to slightly reform the system from above, to make some concessions.
2. Left wing "Union of Social Policy" represented Luyo Brentano (1844-1931). the main objective left - class world, but obtained not by reform from above, but by unification from below. Two volume book Brentano written on the basis of the rich experience of trade unions in England.
Brentano makes conclusion: enlightened workers' organizations can change the order.
Other features of the left wing:
1) the main theory is "Theory of labor-commodity". Labor is a special commodity. Feature: it is inseparable from the seller. The worker is compelled to follow his labor-commodity. Migrations of workers in search of favorable conditions for the sale of goods lead to a deterioration in demand. The situation can be improved if trade unions take the place of one worker. Thanks to the trade unions, the harmful influence of labor as a commodity, and of the worker as a seller, is eliminated;
2) defends wage increases and reduced working hours. This is an attempt to eliminate the economic backwardness of Germany;
3) it is in the largest enterprises that there is a planned production, which prevents the occurrence of crises.
Cartels - the essence of the union of producers who are trying to systematically equate production with demand in order to avoid overproduction and all the consequences associated with it (falling prices, depreciation of capital, unemployment);
4) in agriculture, Brentano protects small peasant production.
Author: Tatarnikov E.A.
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