History of Economic Thought. Teachings of Xenophon (most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Teachings of Xenophon (most important)

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6. TEACHINGS OF XENOPHON

Xenophon (444-356 BC) - Greek thinker, contemporary Plato, predecessor Aristotle. In his political views, he acted as a supporter of aristocratic Sparta and an opponent of Athenian democracy. In a short essay "The Lacedaemonian State"

Xenophon gave a vivid description of the socio-economic structure of Sparta - a program of action for the Greek slave owners.

Economic views are reflected in "Domostroy" ("Economykos"). It is from the title of this work that the name of the science comes - economy (from Gr. oiKonomikc - "art of the household"), although in the time of Xenophon it was understood only housekeeping rules.

Defining the subject of home economics, he characterized it as the science of managing and enriching the economy. The main branch of the slave economy Xenophon considered agriculture, which he qualified as the most worthy occupation. He saw the main goal of economic activity in ensuring the production of useful things, i.e., use values.

to crafts Xenophon belonged negatively, considered them an occupation suitable only for slaves. Trade was not included in the category of worthy activities of a free Greek. At the same time, in the interests of the slave-owning economy Xenophon allowed the use of commodity-money relations.

"Domostroy" contained numerous advice to slave owners in the field of economic activity. Their lot was managing the farm, exploiting slaves, but in no case physical labor.

Xenophon expressed contempt for physical labor, qualifying it as the occupation of slaves. Giving advice on the rational management of the economy and the exploitation of slaves, he taught how to treat slaves like animals.

Xenophon one of the first thinkers of antiquity paid great attention to the issues division of labor, considering it as a natural phenomenon, as an important condition for increasing the production of use values. He came close to the principle of manufacturing division of labor.

Xenophon first pointed out the relationship between the development of the division of labor and the market. In his opinion, the division of professions depended on the size of the market.

Xenophon - the ideologist, first of all, of a subsistence slave-owning economy. At the same time, he considered the development of trade and money circulation useful for this economy. I saw them as one of the sources of enrichment and advised me to use them to my advantage.

Xenophon recognized money as a necessary medium of exchange and a concentrated form of wealth. Condemning money as trading and usurious capital, he recommended hoarding it as treasure.

У Xenophon understanding dual purpose things: as use value, on the one hand, and exchange value, on the other. As an ideologist of natural economy, he did not attach much importance to exchange value. The value of a thing was made dependent on utility, and the price was directly explained by the movement of supply and demand.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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