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Autonomous car turns the driver into an instructor

09.06.2016

When autonomous driving is enabled, the driver takes their hands off the steering wheel and feet off the pedals. He should be in the car - just in case - but his function is the function of a driving instructor: in which case, apply the brakes.

This approach to the development of an autonomous car was demonstrated by Carnegie Mellon University professor Raj Rajkumar. The university has been developing autonomous driving technologies for almost three decades, and this process was intensified last February as a result of a partnership between a well-known ridesharing company and Carnegie Mellon University's National Center for Robotic Engineering.

A professor showed attendees at a conference in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the University's latest 2011 self-driving car, the Cadillac SRX, on a windy road lined with parked school buses and other vehicles, and explained the principles of autonomous driving through a camera.

"When the autonomous driving function is enabled, the driver takes his hands off the wheel and takes his feet off the pedals. He should be in the car - just in case - but his function is the function of a driving instructor: in which case, apply the brakes."

The car uses a set of cameras, lasers and four computers to monitor and analyze everything that is happening around. It can follow a given route, obey speed limits and traffic lights, smoothly enter curves, and brake or accelerate when circumstances require.

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Cleansing the blood instead of a heart transplant 08.02.2004

Progressive heart failure is usually a weakening of the heart muscle. To maintain the same volume of pumped blood, the heart enlarges painfully. In the last stages, often the only way to heal may be a heart transplant. The causes of the disease are largely unclear.

Gerd Vallukat from the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (Berlin) believes that the deficiency may be due to the fact that antibodies to the muscle cells of the heart appear in the blood. He found such antibodies in 80 percent of the patients he studied. They attack the so-called beta-adrenergic receptors located on the surface of the muscle cells of the heart and regulate the strength and frequency of its contractions. Why some people develop these antibodies is unknown.

At the Berlin Heart Center, Vallukat's discovery is already being used in practice. Here, a method has been developed to purify the blood from dangerous antibodies. Already in a pilot experiment in eight patients, the power of the heart increased by almost 30 percent over the year, the heart shrank, its wall became more elastic.

More than a hundred patients underwent the procedure, 67 percent of them were able to help, and if we take patients under 45 years old, 88 percent were successful. For several participants in the experiment, it was possible to cancel the already scheduled heart transplant, replacing it with drug therapy. By the way, blood purification is 5-6 times cheaper than a heart transplant.

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