History of Economic Thought. Economic Thought of Ancient China (Most Important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic Thought of Ancient China (Most Important)

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4. ECONOMIC THOUGHT IN ANCIENT CHINA

The most mature in the history of the Ancient East was the economic thought of China. Economic contradictions reached great severity in China, which led to a whole series of reforms and political upheavals.

An important place in the history of economic thought of ancient China is occupied by Confucianism - ancient Chinese teaching Confucius (Kunzi) (551-479 BC). During the time of Confucius, significant changes took place in the country's economy associated with the decomposition of the primitive communal system and the establishment of slavery. Agriculture fell into decline, community ties were destroyed, property differentiation increased, and the position of private slaveholding farms strengthened.

Confucius one of the first created the doctrine of natural law, on which his philosophical and socio-economic concept was based. He proceeded from the fact that the social structure is based on the divine principle. It determines the fate of man and the social order. The division of society into "noble" (upper class) and "common people" ("low"), whose lot is physical labor, Confucius considered natural. He did not reduce relations between slave owners and slaves only to coercion and called for instilling "trust" of slaves in the exploiters, he advised the "noble" to seek the loyalty of the slaves.

Confucius believed that labor increases the wealth of both the people and the sovereign, supported by the peasant community and the patriarchal family. The regulation of patriarchal family relations is the basis for the stability of the social system. The authorities should take care of the even distribution of wealth, the regulation of agricultural work, the limitation of taxes and the moral improvement of people.

Confucianism found its development in the views Mencius (372-289 BC), which linked social inequality with the “heavenly will” and justified the opposition between mental and physical labor. At the same time Mencius was against the tightening of slaveholding oppression, advocated the restoration of communal land ownership, advocated for the community, the economic interests of the peasants.

Confucianism was criticized Mo-tzu and his supporters (Mohists). They preached the natural equality of people, denied class, the privileges of the nobility.

Mohists substantiated the need for the all-round development of production to meet the needs of the entire population, the general participation of people in physical labor, the development of the free initiative of small producers.

One of the significant monuments of the history of economic ideas in China is treatise "Guanzi" (IV-III centuries BC). Showing concern for the peasantry, the authors proposed limiting their compulsory labor service and protecting them from speculators and moneylenders. In order to strengthen the economic position of the peasants, the authors of the treatise proposed changing the tax system and increasing bread prices. They placed the concern for improving the well-being of the people on the state, which had to actively intervene in economic affairs, eliminate the reasons that interfere with the well-being of the people, create grain reserves to stabilize prices, take measures to overcome unfavorable natural conditions, etc.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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