Economic house. Drawing, description

BUILDER, HOUSEHOLDER
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Economic house. Tips for the home master

Builder, home master

You have received a garden plot. Naturally, before undertaking the cultivation of the land, it is necessary to build at least the simplest storage for tools and garden tools. Of course, you can hastily put together a simple shed from boards, reconciling in advance with the fact that over time it will have to be rebuilt.

Household house

I propose another, more economical way, which allows you to do without such alterations. Its essence is that a small house is immediately built on the site - a "temporary hut", where garden tools will be stored, and if necessary, you can spend the night in it. Such a hozblok is useful not only for beginner gardeners, but also for those whose house has already been built. Any additional premises will be located here: a kitchen-dining room with a small pantry, a workshop with utility rooms or a mini-garage (the first option is shown in Fig. 1).

The dimensions of the utility block do not depend on the functional purpose, and in the axes they will be 3x4,5 m. A room of 8m2 can be easily divided by partitions, receiving additional pantries for tools and garden equipment. The latter should have separate doors. In front of the main entrance there is an open veranda with an area of 4,2 m2.

Rice. 1. The layout of the utility block in the version of the kitchen-dining room with a pantry (click to enlarge)

The design of the hozblok is frame or panel. The foundation for a utility block built according to any scheme is tape, located along the perimeter of the house. Please note that for the garage it must be supplemented with intermediate column supports, since the load on the floor in this case increases.

Frame option. Construction begins on the finished foundation. On top of the waterproofing (two layers of roofing material), a beam of the lower strapping and load-bearing girders are laid, interconnected "in a quarter". Then install the vertical racks of the walls. They are attached to the bottom harness with steel "corners". Having fixed the racks with props in a vertical position, they nail the harness. Next, racks of door and window blocks are installed and the walls are sheathed from the outside. For this, tongue-and-groove boards 150 mm wide are used. After the end of this work, the supports are removed and the logs are laid out, and on top of them - the floorboards. Moreover, flooring is carried out both inside and outside, on the veranda.

Rice. 2. The frame of the utility block (click to enlarge): 1 - strip foundation, 2 - wall pillars, 3 - bottom trim, 4 - beam for installing window blocks, 5, 17 - window blocks, 6 - side eaves board, 7 - top trim, 8, 15 - facade cornice boards, 9 - rafters, 10 - battens, 11 - ridge board, 12 - diagonal naya wind connection, 13, 18 - racks of door blocks, 14 - screed, 16 - porch rack, 19 - logs, 20 - waterproofing of the foundation, 21 - roof, 22 - steel lining, 23 - drain, 24 - external boards

The roof is assembled from four truss frames assembled separately. First of all, facade frames are installed and, having fixed them with supports, they are connected with ridge boards. The rest of the frames are brought under the ridge and fixed on the ridge board and the upper trim beam. The supports are removed after the middle truss frames are connected by diagonal wind ties. Bars (boards) of battens are sewn to the rafters with a step of at least 500 mm. Side cornice boards are nailed to the ends of the rafter legs, and facade cornice boards are nailed to the ridge boards and the crate. Then the entire surface of the roof is covered with roofing material, wavy asbestos-cement sheets are laid on it. The ridge is closed either with special templates or with bent sheet metal. The overhangs of the truss frames on the underside are covered with boards.

Upon completion of the roofing work, they proceed to the internal arrangement: they install window and door blocks and sew up the walls and ceiling with clapboard. If the hozblok is supposed to be used in winter, then the walls are insulated. To do this, a filler (for example, mineral wool) is placed between the outer and inner upholstery of the walls.

Shield option. Such a utility block in all overall dimensions, as well as in the arrangement of the foundation and roof, completely repeats the frame one. It differs only in the design of the walls - they are assembled from several pre-prepared panels, which can significantly reduce installation time. The figure shows typical shields, consisting of a frame, outer and inner cladding, insulation and slats for installing window and door blocks.

Household house
Rice. 3. Hozblok of a panel structure: 1 - strip foundation, 2 - overhead rail, 3 - insulation, 4 - side cornice board, 5 - lathing, 6 - upper trim, 7 - facade cornice board, 8 - ridge board, 9 - window block, 10 - diagonal wind connection, 11 - ridge asbestos-cement template, 12 - roof, 13 - pantry door, 14 - porch rack, 15 - main entrance door, 16 - veranda floor, 17 - logs, 18 - plinth board. The letters indicate the location of the shields

(click to enlarge)

Household house
Rice. 4. Wall shields. A - front right (left - mirror), B - side with a window (right and left - identical), C - side deaf, C' - side with a doorway, D - rear right (left - mirror): 1 - outer plank sheathing, 2 - frame, 3 - insulation, 4 - internal sheathing made of hardboard, 5 - window blocks, 6 - door block.

Each shield is installed on the lower strapping beam and fixed with nails by the so-called "oblique face". Scraps of foam rubber or tow are laid at the joints of the shields, and the gap is closed from the outside and from the inside with overhead rails.

From above, all the shields are tied with an upper harness, along which the roof is mounted.

Interior decoration in hozblok can be made of wooden slats, stained or varnished; to veneer the floor and walls with hardboard, followed by painting with oil enamels.

We advise you to use the so-called supergraphics or bright colors when decorating the house, which will greatly decorate the outbuilding.

Author: A. Ermilov

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