History of Economic Thought. Features of Russian mercantilism (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Features of Russian mercantilism (the most important)

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16. FEATURES OF RUSSIAN MERCANTILISM

К XNUMXth century Russia finally established as single state: a single market, commodity-money relations have been formed, shopping centers are emerging, cities and industrial villages are being built.

Main economic problems: development of industry, agriculture, trade; the creation of a merchant fleet, water and land routes of communication.

The development of Russian mercantilism took several stages, each of which has its own features.

1. The most prominent representative of economic thought XVII century... was Afanasy Lavrentievich Ordin-Nashchokin (1605-1680), who wrote "New trade charter" in 1667 Trade is considered by him as the most important source of income for the Russian state. Trade policy should adhere to the idea of an excess of exports of goods over imports, which will contribute to the accumulation of national capital.

Also A. L. Ordin-Nashchokin propagated:

1) active trade balance;

2) attraction of noble metals;

3) prohibition or restriction of the export of gold and silver from Russia.

These are elements of early mercantilism associated with monetarism.

2. Second half of the 1618th century. Yuri Krizhanich (1683-XNUMX). He lived in Russia for a long time, wrote a work "Political Dumas" ("Politics") in the 60s. XVII century. in Siberian exile, in which he substantiated that:

1) it is necessary to export more and import less, especially those goods that are produced in the country or the production of which can be established in the country;

2) the purchase of luxury goods abroad - a direct deduction from income from foreign trade;

3) the development of productive forces in industry, agriculture, handicrafts - a source of state revenue, more durable than the accumulation of gold and silver from foreign trade.

Y. Krizhanich - an opponent of the active trading activities of foreign merchants in Russia. He believed that foreign trade should be in the hands of the king in order to prevent "dishonest", "bad", "greedy" ways of enrichment. State trade must be subordinated to the common good of the whole people.

3. Late 1652th - early 1726th centuries Ivan Tikhonovich Pososhkov (XNUMX-XNUMX) wrote a number of works for the king Peter I. Among them is a book "On Poverty and Wealth" (9 chapters), which he wrote for 20 years.

The main ideas of I. T. Pososhkov:

1) demanded to limit the arbitrariness of landowners;

2) being a supporter of unlimited autocracy, he did not approve of the whole system, since he saw in it the reasons for maintaining poverty;

3) the main idea is to eliminate poverty and increase wealth in Russia;

4) regulation of labor in industry and agriculture, determination of labor duties;

5) respect for nature;

6) honest attitude of officials and judges to their duties;

7) active foreign trade based on handicraft production, which should be developed;

8) money should cost "nominal value", this is established by the royal power;

9) taxes from income from land and industry are paid by everyone except the clergy.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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>> Forward: Economic reforms of Peter I

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